| 基于Meta分析的中国盐渍化土壤秸秆还田效应评估：盐分调控与作物增产 |
| 摘要点击 1506 全文点击 15 投稿时间：2025-07-31 修订日期：2025-10-07 |
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| 中文关键词 秸秆还田 土壤盐渍化 土壤盐分 作物产量 Meta分析 |
| 英文关键词 straw return soil salinization soil salinity crop yield Meta-analysis |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507410 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤盐渍化严重制约耕地生产力，亟需经济高效的改良技术. 秸秆还田兼具资源循环利用与盐分调控潜力，但其对盐渍土壤改良及作物增产的系统效应尚未量化. 基于Meta分析方法，整合中国大陆40篇文献数据（涵盖325组土壤电导率与256组作物产量记录），系统评估气候因子（年均气温、降水量和蒸发量）、土壤特性（初始盐渍化程度和pH值）与农艺措施（秸秆种类、还田量、还田方式、秸秆长度及深度）对秸秆还田效应的交互影响. 结果表明，秸秆还田显著降低土壤电导率22.14%（P<0.05），提升作物产量29.11%（P<0.05）. 在暖湿气候区（年均温>14℃、降水>400 mm和蒸发量<1 500 mm）及弱碱性重度盐渍土（pH 8~9）中，降盐幅度可达30.63%~54.02%. 控盐最优模式为小麦秸秆经生物炭改性、秸秆还田量大于20 t·hm-2、秸长10~15 cm且深耕还田（20~40 cm），而增产速效组合需采用秸长10~15 cm与浅层还田（0~20 cm），且小麦与向日葵增产显著而棉花响应不显著. 综上，秸秆还田是协同实现盐渍土改良与产能提升的有效途径，但其效应受气候-土壤-管理系统的多因子协同调控. 因地制宜优化秸秆还田模式（依据区域气候、土壤本底与作物类型）是保障盐渍区农业可持续发展的关键策略. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil salinization severely limits the productivity of arable land， highlighting an urgent need for cost-effective amelioration technologies. Straw return to fields presents a dual opportunity for resource recycling and salinity regulation. However， its comprehensive effects on saline soil improvement and crop yield enhancement have yet to be quantitatively assessed. In this study， we conducted a Meta-analysis synthesizing data from 40 published studies across China's mainland， encompassing 325 records of soil electrical conductivity and 256 records of crop yield. We systematically evaluated the interactive effects of climatic factors （annual mean temperature， precipitation， and evaporation）， soil characteristics （initial salinization level and pH）， and agronomic practices （straw type， application rate， return method， straw length， and incorporation depth） on the efficacy of straw return in saline soils. Our results demonstrate that straw return significantly reduced soil electrical conductivity by 22.14% （P<0.05） and increased crop yield by 29.11% （P<0.05）. In warm and humid climatic zones （annual mean temperature>14℃， precipitation>400 mm， evaporation<1 500 mm） and in strongly saline-alkaline soils with weak alkalinity （pH 8-9）， soil salinity reductions reached 30.63%-54.02%. The optimal strategy for salt control involved the application of biochar-modified wheat straw at rates exceeding 20 t·hm-2， with straw lengths of 10-15 cm and deep incorporation （20-40 cm）. In contrast， the greatest yield improvements were achieved using straw lengths of 10-15 cm with shallow incorporation （0-20 cm）； significant yield increases were observed for wheat and sunflower， while cotton did not respond significantly. In summary， straw return is an effective strategy for both ameliorating saline soils and enhancing crop productivity， although its efficacy is mediated by synergistic interactions among climatic， soil， and management factors. Site-specific optimization of straw return practices—taking into account regional climate， soil properties， and crop type—represents a crucial approach for promoting sustainable agricultural development in saline-affected regions. |
