| 黄河流域两栖类栖息地重金属污染特征及风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 525 全文点击 12 投稿时间：2025-05-22 修订日期：2025-09-02 |
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| 中文关键词 黄河流域 两栖类栖息地 沉积物 重金属 生态风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 Yellow River Basin amphibian habitat sediment heavy metal ecological risk assessment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202505237 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 流域尺度生物栖息地的重金属污染风险调查与评价是保障生物多样性及生态安全的关键手段. 以黄河流域两栖动物栖息地为研究对象，于2023年3~4月（枯水期）和2024年6月（枯水期）在黄河流域设置52个采样点，采集栖息地表层沉积物并测定了沉积物中Cd、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb等6种重金属含量. 采用空间插值法对重金属的空间分布特征进行分析，采用地累积指数法（Igeo）和潜在生态风险指数法（RI）对污染程度和潜在生态风险等级进行评估，并结合主成分分析对重金属进行溯源. 结果表明，空间分布上，6种重金属在中上游的含量高于源区和下游，其中Cr、Cu和Zn元素含量在上游最高，中游次之；各重金属的地累积指数平均值大小：Cd>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb，Cd存在偏中度至重度污染；受Cd含量影响，研究区沉积物重金属污染生态风险整体处于较强水平，中下游地区生态风险高于上游，源区最低. Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb主要来源于工业采矿、金属冶炼和交通运输，Ni和Cr主要来源于农业活动和母质风化作用. 为减轻黄河流域沉积物重金属带来的生态风险，提高黄河流域生境质量，应加强对Cd元素的管控，同时关注流域内工业活动密集的污染热点城市的环境管理. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Heavy metal pollution risk assessment in aquatic habitats at the basin scale is a crucial approach for maintaining biodiversity and ecological security. Taking amphibian habitats in the Yellow River Basin as the study object， we established 52 sampling sites across the basin during the dry seasons of March-April 2023 and June 2024. Surface sediments from these habitats were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of six heavy metals： Cd， Zn， Cr， Cu， Ni， and Pb. Spatial distribution characteristics of these metals were assessed using spatial interpolation methods. Pollution levels and potential ecological risks were evaluated using the geo-accumulation index （Igeo） and the potential ecological risk index （RI）， while principal component analysis was employed to identify potential pollution sources. The results showed that， spatially， heavy metal concentrations in the middle and upper reaches were generally higher than those in the source and lower reaches. Cr， Cu， and Zn in the upper reaches exhibited the highest concentrations， followed by the middle reaches. The mean Igeo values of the six metals followed the order： Cd>Zn>Cr>Cu>Ni>Pb， indicating moderate to severe pollution levels for Cd. Due to the elevated Cd concentrations， the overall ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area was at a relatively high level， with higher risks in the middle and lower reaches and the lowest in the source region. Source analysis revealed that Cu， Zn， Cd， and Pb mainly originated from industrial mining， metal smelting， and transportation activities， while Ni and Cr were primarily derived from agricultural activities and the weathering of parent materials. To mitigate the ecological hazards posed by heavy metal contamination in the Yellow River Basin and improve habitat quality， it is essential to strengthen the regulation of Cd and enhance environmental management in industrial pollution hotspots across the basin. |
