| 微塑料对玉米生长特性和根际土壤酶活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 520 全文点击 27 投稿时间:2025-04-01 修订日期:2025-09-02 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料(MPs) 根际 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 有机酸 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics(MPs) rhizosphere soil nutrients soil enzyme activity organic acids |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202504006 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料(MPs)作为全球范围内的新兴污染物,可能会破坏农业生态系统,影响作物生长发育. 为明确MPs对土壤-玉米系统的影响,研究探讨了传统不可降解MPs[聚乙烯(PE)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)]以及可生物降解MPs[聚乳酸(PLA)]对根际土壤养分含量、有机酸、酶活性、玉米株高和生物量的影响. 结果表明,添加传统MPs在一定程度上降低了根际土壤全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和有效磷(AP)含量,降低了与土壤碳、氮和磷循环相关的酶活性,抑制了玉米地上部和地下部生物量. 与CK相比,添加PE-MPs和PVC-MPs使地上部生物量分别降低了33.29%和22.86%;地下部生物量分别降低了44.96%和27.94%. 然而,添加可生物降解的PLA-MPs显著增加了根际土壤有机碳、TN、TP、DOC和AP含量,提升了根际有机酸以及与土壤碳、磷循环相关的酶活性,降低了根际土壤pH,对玉米株高和生物量无明显抑制作用. 此外,通过Mantel检验发现,影响玉米生长的主控因子是根际土壤TN、有机酸含量和纤维素酶活性(P<0.05,R<0.4). 研究结果可为评估传统MPs与可生物降解MPs对植物生长和土壤生态环境效应的影响提供数据基础和理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics (MPs), as emerging global pollutants, may disrupt agricultural ecosystems and affect crop growth and development. To clarify the impact of MPs on the soil-maize system, this study investigated the effects of traditional non-degradable MPs [polyethylene (PE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)] and biodegradable MPs [polylactic acid (PLA)] on rhizosphere soil nutrient content, organic acids, enzyme activity, as well as maize height and biomass. The results showed that the addition of conventional MPs reduced rhizosphere soil total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and available phosphorus (AP) content; decreased extracellular enzyme activities related to carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling; and inhibited the shoot and root biomass of maize. Compared with that in the control (CK), the aboveground biomass decreased by 33.29% and 22.86% after the addition of PE-MPs and PVC-MPs, respectively, while the belowground biomass decreased by 44.96% and 27.94%. In contrast, the addition of biodegradable PLA-MPs significantly increased rhizosphere soil organic carbon, TN, TP, DOC, and AP content; enhanced rhizosphere organic acid levels and extracellular enzyme activities related to soil carbon and phosphorus cycling; and reduced rhizosphere pH. Notably, PLA-MPs exhibited no significant inhibitory effects on maize height or biomass. Furthermore, Mantel tests revealed that the key factors influencing maize growth were rhizosphere soil TN, organic acid content, and cellulase activity (P<0.05, R<0.4). These findings provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for evaluating the effects of conventional and biodegradable MPs on plant growth and soil ecological environmental responses. |