| 生物炭对聚乙烯微塑料污染小麦理化性质影响 |
| 摘要点击 626 全文点击 29 投稿时间：2025-06-23 修订日期：2025-09-16 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MPs） 生理特性 缓解效应 PLS模型 |
| 英文关键词 biochar polyethylene microplastics （PE-MPs） physiological characteristics mitigation effects PLS model |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202506276 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料（MPs）易通过农田土壤被作物吸收并经食物链传递从而直接威胁粮食安全及人体健康. 生物炭（BC）作为广泛使用的土壤改良剂，具有高效修复污染土壤功能，但其对MPs污染修复作用与机制尚不明晰. 基于此，探究玉米秸秆生物炭（CSB）对聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MPs）污染小麦植株-土壤系统生理生态影响效应与机制，确定关键主控因子，以期为农田微塑料污染生物炭修复治理提供参考. 采用小麦土壤盆栽试验，研究玉米秸秆生物炭（CSB，0.0%、0.5%、1.0%和3.0%）对聚乙烯微塑料（PE-MPs，0.0%、0.5%、1.0%和5.0%，粒径10 μm和100 μm）污染小麦生长发育、光温生理、叶片抗氧化酶活性及土壤酶活性影响及修复效果. 同时利用偏最小二乘（PLS）回归模型定量分析各理化特性与冬小麦鲜质量、干质量生长指标间关系，确定关键主控因子. 结果表明，两种粒径PE-MPs污染对小麦生长发育及理化特性均表现出抑制效应，施用CSB则可有效缓解PE-MPs负面胁迫影响. 与PE-MPs5.0% × CSB0.0%相比，添加CSB后小麦株高、叶面积和地上部生物量分别平均提升11.70%、21.92%和44.63%. 单一PE-MPs污染显著增加小麦群体冠层温度，降低叶片厚度和光合效率，添加CSB则具有明显修复缓解效果. 10 μm PE-MPs对上述指标抑制作用强于100 μm PE-MPs且CSB对小粒径组修复效果更显著. 10 μm PE-MPs主要影响叶片光化学活性（Fv/F0），100 μm PE-MPs则主要调控光合速率（Pn）. 此外，PE-MPs污染显著增强了小麦叶抗氧化酶活性，降低土壤酶活性. 与PE-MPs0.0%相比，微塑料胁迫下叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）均呈上升趋势变化，土壤脲酶（S-URE）、酸性磷酸酶（S-ACP）和脱氢酶（S-DHA）活性则均呈下降趋势变化；添加 CSB 后，叶片酶活性表现出不同程度降低，而对土壤酶活性则具有不同程度促进作用. CSB对于10 μm污染土壤修复效率更高. PLS结果显示，CSB与PE-MPs共存下影响小麦鲜质量和干质量变化主控因子分别为光系统II潜在光化学活性参数Fv/F0（10 μm）、净光合速率Pn（100 μm鲜质量）和Fv/F0（100 μm干质量）. 研究结果为阐明小麦CSB与PE-MPs交互生理生态机制及构建高效安全污染防治策略提供理论支撑和参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and ecological effects and mechanisms of corn straw biochar （CSB） on polyethylene microplastics （PE-MPs） contamination in wheat-soil systems， identify the main controlling factors， and thus to provide insights for remediating farmland microplastic pollution. A wheat soil pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects and remediation efficiency of CSB （0.0%， 0.5%， 1.0%， and 3.0%） on the growth and development， photothermal physiology， leaf antioxidant enzyme activity， and soil enzyme activity of wheat under PE-MPs （0.0%， 0.5%， 1.0%， and 5.0%， particle sizes 10 μm， 100 μm） pollution. Meanwhile， a partial least square （PLS） regression model was used to quantitatively analyze the relationships between various physicochemical properties and the fresh weight， dry weight， and growth indices of winter wheat， thereby identifying key controlling factors. The results indicate that PE-MPs contamination （both particle sizes） exhibited inhibitory effects on wheat growth， development， and physicochemical properties， while CSB application effectively mitigated these negative stress impacts. Compared to that in the PE-MPs 5.0% × CSB 0.0% treatment， CSB amendment increased plant height， leaf area， and aboveground biomass of wheat by averages of 11.70%， 21.92%， and 44.63%， respectively. Single PE-MPs contamination significantly increased canopy temperature while reducing leaf thickness and photosynthetic efficiency in wheat， whereas CSB amendment demonstrated significant remediation and mitigation effects. Furthermore， the finer polyethylene microplastics （10 μm PE-MPs） demonstrated significantly stronger inhibition across the measured physiological parameters compared to that of coarser fractions （100 μm）. CSB exhibited superior remediation efficacy in finer particle treatments， with 10 μm PE-MPs primarily impairing photochemical activity （quantified by Fv/F0， maxim μm quant μm efficiency of PSII）， while 100 μm particles predominantly influenced net photosynthetic rate （Pn） regulation. PE-MPs contamination significantly enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD） in wheat leaves while reducing soil urease （S-URE）， acid phosphatase （S-ACP）， and dehydrogenase （S-DHA） activities. After the addition of CSB， leaf enzyme activities decreased to varying degrees， while soil enzyme activities were promoted to different extents. CSB exhibited significantly higher restoration efficiency in 10 μm PE-MP-contaminated soils. PLS results revealed that under co-exposure of CSB and PE-MPs， the key controlling factors for fresh weight and dry weight changes in wheat were： Fv/F0 （10 μm PE-MPs） for fresh weight， net photosynthetic rate （Pn） （100 μm PE-MPs） for fresh weight， and Fv/F0 （100 μm PE-MPs） for dry weight. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and actionable insights for elucidating the interactive physiological-ecological mechanisms between CSB and PE-MPs in wheat systems， thus advancing the development of efficient and safe pollution control strategies. |
