| 中国不同土地利用类型微塑料赋存特征与生态风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 544 全文点击 10 投稿时间：2025-05-27 修订日期：2025-09-18 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 土壤 赋存特征 生态风险 土地利用类型 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics（MPs） soil occurrence characteristics ecological risk land use types |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202505306 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料（MPs）作为一种新污染物，由于其具有难降解的特点，对环境介质带来巨大的潜在危险. 研究从2018~2024发表的71篇文献中筛选6 008个土壤样本，收集MPs的丰度、形貌特征和聚合物种类等数据，进而探讨我国不同土地利用类型MPs污染特征、性质之间的相关性以及生态风险的差异性. 结果表明，MPs丰度排序为：农用地（平均值：3.86×106 items·kg-1）>未利用地（平均值：1.00×106 items·kg-1）>建设用地（平均值：0.46×106 items·kg-1）. 我国土壤中最常见的MPs形状是碎片、纤维和薄膜，尺寸主要集中在小粒径（0~0.5 mm），其中MPs颜色主要以透明、黑色和白色出现频率最高，而MPs聚合物类型主要以聚丙烯（PP）和聚乙烯（PE）最为常见. 农用地土壤MPs丰度与其颜色、形状之间呈中度相关，而建设用地土壤MPs丰度与聚合物类型之间高度相关. 我国土壤MPs污染是经济发展、第三产业和农业等人类活动共同作用的结果，其中农用地生态风险最高，未利用地较低. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics， as an emerging pollutant， pose significant potential risks to environmental media due to their persistent nature. In this study， 6，008 soil samples were selected from 71 articles published between 2018 and 2024. Data on microplastic abundance， morphological features， and polymer types were collected to investigate the characteristics of microplastic pollution across different land use types in China， the correlations between their properties， and the variations in ecological risks. The results revealed that the order of microplastic abundance was agricultural soils （average abundance： 3 856.834×103 items·kg-1） > unused lands （1 002.34×103 items·kg-1） > construction lands （461.21×103 items·kg-1）. The most prevalent microplastic shapes in Chinese soils were fragments， fibers， and films， with sizes predominantly concentrated in small particles （0-0.5 mm）. Transparent， black， and white were the most frequent colors observed， while polypropylene （PP） and polyethylene （PE） emerged as the dominant polymer types. Moderate correlations were found between microplastic abundance and color/shape in agricultural soils， whereas strong correlations existed between abundance and polymer types in construction land soils. Soil microplastic pollution in China arises from the combined effects of multiple factors， including economic development， the tertiary sector， agricultural practices， and human activities. Studies have shown that agricultural lands exhibit the highest ecological risk， while unused lands present relatively lower risks. |
