| 秦淮河沉积物微塑料对微生物碳循环功能的影响 |
| 摘要点击 538 全文点击 18 投稿时间：2025-06-23 修订日期：2025-09-12 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 河流沉积物 塑料际 宏基因组 碳循环 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） river sediments plastisphere metagenomics carbon cycling |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202506279 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料（MPs）作为新污染物近年来广受关注. 微生物作为碳元素等元素循环的关键调控者，对MPs污染的响应敏感. 城市河流沉积物是环境MPs的汇，同时也是微生物群落的重要栖息地，MPs污染可能通过影响微生物群落的结构与功能给城市河流带来生态风险. 为探究微塑料对微生物碳循环功能的影响，以典型城市河流秦淮河为研究对象，于2024年10月进行沉积物调查采样，基于MPs分析和微生物群落宏基因组测序，探究沉积物环境MPs污染特征及其对沉积物环境和微塑料表面（塑料际）微生物群落结构与碳循环功能基因的影响. 结果显示，秦淮河沉积物中MPs检出率达100%，平均丰度（以dw计）为（520.56±202.01） n·kg-1，MPs 粒径集中在200~300 μm和1 000~2 000 μm，主要颜色为透明，主要形态为纤维状和碎片状. 宏基因组分析表明，塑料际与沉积物环境微生物群落结构存在显著差异，塑料际中甲烷微菌纲（Methanomicrobia）丰度更高，可能驱动其甲烷代谢功能基因表达显著富集（Wilcoxon秩和检验，P<0.05）. Mantel检验结果表明，塑料际碳循环基因丰度与沉积物全氮以及和特定MPs聚合物类型（环氧树脂）显著相关（P<0.05）. 研究揭示了典型城市河流沉积物中MPs通过塑造独特生态位影响微生物群落碳循环的机制，可为评估MPs的生态效应提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Microplastics （MPs）， as emerging contaminants， have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Microorganisms， as key regulators of the cycling of elements such as carbon， are sensitive to MPs pollution. Urban river sediments are sinks for environmental MPs and also important habitats for microbial communities. MPs pollution may bring ecological risks to urban rivers by affecting the structure and function of microbial communities. To examine the impact of MPs on microbial carbon cycle functions， this study investigated the sediments from the Qinhuai River， a typical urban river. Sediment samples were collected in October 2024， and MPs analysis combined with metagenomic sequencing was performed to characterize MPs pollution and its effects on microbial community structure and carbon cycling functional genes in both sediments and the plastisphere. The results showed a 100% detection rate of MPs in sediments， with an average abundance （based on dry weight） of （520.56±202.01） n·kg-1. MPs were predominantly between 200-300 μm and 1 000-2 000 μm， transparent in color， and exhibited fibrous or fragmental morphologies. Metagenomic analysis revealed significant differences in microbial community structure between the plastisphere and sediments， with higher abundance of Methanomicrobia in the plastisphere， potentially driving the significant enrichment of methane metabolism genes （Wilcoxon rank-sum test， P<0.05）. The Mantel test further indicated that the abundance of carbon cycling genes in the plastisphere was significantly correlated with total nitrogen and a specific MP polymer type （epoxy resin） （P<0.05）. This study uncovered the mechanism by which MPs shape distinct ecological niches and modulate microbial carbon cycling in urban river sediments， providing a scientific basis for evaluating the ecological impacts of MPs. |
