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浊漳河山西流域沉积物金属赋存特征及其生态风险评价
摘要点击 658  全文点击 7  投稿时间:2025-12-09  修订日期:2026-03-24
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中文关键词  表层沉积物  重金属  污染评价  潜在生态风险  浊漳河
英文关键词  surface sediments  heavy metal  pollution assessment  potential ecological risk  Zhuozhang River
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202512115
作者单位E-mail
侯沁文 长治学院生命科学系, 长治 046011 hqinwen@163.com 
李婕 山西师范大学生命科学学院, 晋中 030600  
金山 长治学院生命科学系, 长治 046011
山西省土壤微生物修复技术工程研究中心, 长治 046011
太行山生态与环境研究所, 长治 046011 
 
裴鹏刚 长治学院生命科学系, 长治 046011
山西省土壤微生物修复技术工程研究中心, 长治 046011
太行山生态与环境研究所, 长治 046011 
 
焦海华 长治学院生命科学系, 长治 046011
山西省土壤微生物修复技术工程研究中心, 长治 046011 
jiaohaihua68@163.com 
中文摘要
      浊漳河是长治地区的“母亲”河,研究其沉积物重金属污染状况及其来源,对水域保护及工农业生产安全具有重要意义. 以浊漳河北源、南源、西源和干流段为研究对象,分析了57个沉积物样品中As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Hg和Cd等6种金属的赋存及空间分布特征. 采用单项污染(PI)和污染负荷指数(PLI)法,评估金属污染程度;内梅罗综合污染毒性(PN-T)和潜在生态风险指数(RI)法,评价金属的潜在生态风险;主成分(PCA)和相关性分析法解析金属的来源. 结果表明,Pb、Hg、Cr和Cd是面源污染物,80.7%~100%的样点含量超过山西省土壤元素背景值;Cu和As是点源污染物(35.1%和15.8%的样点超标). 金属总量均值有南源>干流>西源>北源的梯度趋势,且变异率呈现南源(34.8%)>西源(22.6%)>北源(19.2%)>干流(15.6%). 质量分数均值呈Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Hg>Cd梯度,且存在空间异质性,北源Cr、Pb和Cd占比高,西源Cu和Hg高,南源As高. 流域属于轻度污染(1.0<PI≤3.0、1< PLI≤2),风险等级为低(1.0<PN-T≤2.0,RI<150)和中等(2.0<PN-T≤3.0、150≤RI<300)风险水平. 风险主要来源于Cd(40≤EI<160)和Hg(80≤EI<320). 流域风险有西源>北源>干流>南源的梯度趋势. 交通源(Pb、Cu、Cr、As、Cd)、农业源(As、Cu、Cd)和工业源(Hg、Cd、As、Cu)的贡献率分别为40.4%、25.1%和16.1%.
英文摘要
      The Zhuozhang River, known as the "mother river" of the Changzhi region, holds significant importance for water conservation and industrial/agricultural safety due to its sediment heavy metal pollution status and source investigation. This study analyzed 57 sediment samples from the northern, southern, western, and main stream sections of the Zhuozhang River to examine the occurrence and spatial distribution of six metals: As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Hg, and Cd. Metal pollution severity was assessed using the point source index (PI) and pollution load index (PLI) methods, while potential ecological risk was evaluated through the Nemerow integrated pollution toxicity (PN-T) and potential ecological risk index (RI) approaches. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were employed to trace metal sources. The results revealed that Pb, Hg, Cr, and Cd were diffuse pollutants, with 80.7%-100% of sampling sites exceeding Shanxi Province's soil element background values. Cu and As were point source pollutants, exceeding standards in 35.1% and 15.8% of samples, respectively. Total metal concentrations showed a gradient trend: southern source>main stream>western source>northern source, with variation rates ranking as southern source (34.8%)>western source (22.6%)>northern source (19.2%)>main stream (15.6%). Mass fraction concentrations followed a gradient of Cr>Pb>Cu>As>Hg>Cd, exhibiting spatial heterogeneity: The northern source had higher proportions of Cr, Pb, and Cd; the western source showed elevated Cu and Hg; and the southern source demonstrated higher As levels. The watershed was classified as mildly polluted (1.0<PI≤3.0, 1<PLI≤2) with low (1.0<PN-T≤2.0, RI<150) and moderate (2.0<PN-T≤3.0, 150≤RI<300) risk levels, primarily attributed to Cd (40≤EI<160) and Hg (80≤EI<320) contamination. The risk gradient showed a west-to-east progression: wcstern source>northern source>main stream>southern source. Contributions from transportation sources (Pb, Cu, Cr, As, and Cd), agricultural sources (As, Cu, and Cd), and industrial sources (Hg, Cd, As, and Cu) accounted for 40.4%, 25.1%, and 16.1%, respectively.

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