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地质高背景区土壤-水稻系统重金属污染特征及安全阈值
摘要点击 252  全文点击 13  投稿时间:2025-01-06  修订日期:2025-07-31
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中文关键词  地质高背景区  土壤-水稻系统  重金属  风险评价  安全阈值
英文关键词  geological high background area  soil-rice systems  heavy metals  risk assessment  safety thresholds
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202501067
作者单位E-mail
张仁甫 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191
东北农业大学资源与环境学院, 哈尔滨 150030 
18845840322@163.com 
张语馨 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191  
黄青青 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191  
梁学峰 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191  
孙约兵 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191 sunyuebing2008@126.com 
中文摘要
      以贵州省某地质高背景区稻田为研究对象,对土壤和水稻籽粒中8种重金属(Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn)的全量、有效态含量和理化性质(pH、EC)进行分析,通过土壤综合污染指数法、土壤和农产品综合质量指数法(IICQ)、人体健康风险模型等对土壤和水稻重金属污染风险及人体健康危害进行评价,利用敏感度分布曲线(SSD)和多元线性回归模型研究土壤-水稻系统重金属的安全阈值. 结果表明,与农用地土壤环境质量标准和国家食品安全标准中污染物限量标准相比,土壤Hg、Cd和As超标率为48%、30%和53%,水稻籽粒中Hg、Cd、As、Pb和Cr超标率分别为86.29%、6.09%、50.25%、5.08%和9.14%. 综合污染指数法表明,研究区土壤中主要污染因子为Hg、Cd和As,水稻籽粒中Hg污染最为严重;IICQ结果表明,尽管研究区土壤主要呈现重度污染,但水稻籽粒大多处于轻微污染水平;人体健康风险评价指出,经口摄入是导致非致癌风险和致癌风险的主要途径. 通过SSD和多元线性回归模型拟合,研究区土壤中Hg、As、Pb和Cr的安全阈值均低于国家现行农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,而土壤Cd的安全阈值则高于筛选值. 研究结果可为高背景区稻田重金属污染风险防控提供参考.
英文摘要
      Taking the paddy fields in a high geological background area of Guizhou Province as the research object, the total and available contents of eight heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn) in the soil and rice grains, as well as the physicochemical properties (pH, EC), were analyzed. Multiple evaluation methods were employed, including the single factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index, integrated soil and agricultural product quality index (IICQ), and human health risk models. Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves and multiple linear regression were utilized to determine safe thresholds for heavy metals in the soil-rice system. The results revealed significant exceedances of Hg (48%), Cd (30%), and As (53%) in the soil relative to the Chinese Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB 15618—2018), while rice grains exhibited elevated Hg (86.29%), As (50.25%), Cd (6.09%), Pb (5.08%), and Cr (9.14%) levels exceeding the National Food Safety Standard (GB 2762—2017). The Nemerow index identified Hg, Cd, and As as primary soil pollutants, with Hg posing the most severe grain contamination. IICQ evaluation indicated predominantly severe soil pollution but only mild-to-moderate grain contamination. Health risk assessment identified oral ingestion as the primary exposure pathway contributing to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Through the fitting of SSD and multiple linear regression models, the safety thresholds of Hg, As, Pb, and Cr in the soil of the study area were all lower than the current national screening values for soil pollution risks in agricultural land, while the safety threshold of soil Cd was higher than the screening value. The research results can provide a reference for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution risks in paddy fields in high background areas.

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