| 生物炭对微塑料污染下杭白菊生长及土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响 |
| 摘要点击 234 全文点击 11 投稿时间：2025-05-20 修订日期：2025-07-26 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 生物炭 杭白菊 根际微生物 土壤理化性质 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） biochar Chrysanthemum morifolium rhizosphere microorganisms soil physicochemical properties |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202505191 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究生物炭（BC）与微塑料（MPs）共存对农业生态系统产生的影响. 评估了生物炭对聚乙烯（PE）和聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）微塑料污染下杭白菊（Chrysanthemum morifolium）生长特性、活性成分、土壤性质和微生物群落的影响. 结果表明，微塑料对杭白菊生长的影响取决于剂量大小，5%（质量分数，下同）PBAT的地上部、地下部鲜重和地上部干重显著低于5% PE，这说明PBAT的毒性可能强于PE. 另外，5% PBAT会引起植株的氧化应激反应，降低杭白菊花序中木犀草苷的含量（与对照组相比降低了20%）和影响土壤养分的有效性. 添加生物炭后，可以通过调节抗氧化酶活性，增加绿原酸和异绿原酸A的合成，适应微塑料胁迫带来的环境压力. 与此同时，杭白菊根际微生物群落组成发生显著变化，高质量分数的微塑料及两者共存组均显著提高Shannon指数和Simpson指数. 并且生物炭和不同类型的微塑料共存后，PE+BC组通过增强群体协作和减少资源争夺，借助复杂网络结构应对PE污染. 而PBAT+BC组通过减弱群体协作强度，种间资源竞争加剧，互作网络简化，以更独立的代谢策略应对PBAT污染. 结合FAPROTAX功能预测结果发现，PE和生物炭共存后，刺激了土壤微生物对复杂有机物的分解代谢能力. 而PBAT和生物炭共存后，土壤微生物通过增强对有机碳源利用和氮素固定等关键生态功能，从而影响土壤生态系统中养分循环与能量转化. 综上所述，生物炭添加后通过调节土壤性质和改变微生物群落的多样性和生态功能，有助于缓解微塑料对杭白菊产生的毒性，可为构建土壤微塑料污染修复新策略提供了理论依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the effects of the coexistence of biochar（BC） and microplastics （MPs） on agricultural ecosystems， this study evaluated the effects of biochar on the growth characteristics， active components， soil properties， and microbial community of Chrysanthemum morifolium under polyethylene （PE） and poly（butylene adipate-co-terephthalate） （PBAT） microplastic pollution. The results showed that the effects of microplastics on C. morifolium growth depended on the dosage. The fresh weights of shoots and roots， as well as the dry weight of shoots under 5% （mass fraction， the same below） PBAT were significantly lower than those under 5% PE， indicating that PBAT might be more toxic than PE. Additionally， 5% PBAT induced oxidative stress in plants， reduced the content of luteoloside （decreased by 20% compared with that of the control group） in C. morifolium inflorescences， and affected soil nutrient availability. After biochar addition， plants adapted to the environmental stress from microplastics by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and increasing the synthesis of chlorogenic acid and isochlorogenic acid A. Meanwhile， the composition of the rhizosphere microbial community of C. morifolium changed significantly， and high mass fraction microplastics and their coexistence groups significantly increased the Shannon and Simpson indices. When biochar coexisted with different types of microplastics， the PE+BC group coped with PE pollution by enhancing group cooperation， reducing resource competition， and relying on complex network structures. In contrast， the PBAT+BC group weakened group cooperation intensity， intensified interspecific resource competition， simplified the interaction network， and adopted more independent metabolic strategies to respond to PBAT pollution. Combined with the FAPROTAX functional prediction results， the coexistence of PE and biochar stimulated the catabolic capacity of soil microorganisms for complex organic matter. The coexistence of PBAT and biochar enhanced key ecological functions of soil microorganisms， such as organic carbon source utilization and nitrogen fixation， thereby influencing nutrient cycling and energy conversion in the soil ecosystem. In summary， biochar addition helps alleviate the toxicity of microplastics to C. morifolium by regulating soil properties and changing the diversity and ecological functions of the microbial community， providing a theoretical basis for constructing new strategies for soil microplastic pollution remediation. |
