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可降解微塑料对小麦根际土壤酶活性及其代谢组学的影响
摘要点击 214  全文点击 8  投稿时间:2025-04-12  修订日期:2025-07-22
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中文关键词  可降解聚乳酸微塑料(PLA-MPs)  根际土壤  酶活性  代谢组学  交互作用
英文关键词  polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs)  rhizosphere soil  enzyme activity  metabolomics  interaction
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202504157
作者单位E-mail
张彦 郑州大学水利与交通学院, 郑州 450001
中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所, 新乡 453002 
zhangyan09@caas.cn 
郝松泽 河南省生态环境技术中心, 郑州 450046  
窦明 郑州大学水利与交通学院, 郑州 450001 dou_ming@163.com 
李平 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所, 新乡 453002
农业农村部农产品质量安全水环境因子风险评估实验室, 新乡 453002 
 
米庆彬 郑州大学水利与交通学院, 郑州 450001  
梁志杰 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所, 新乡 453002  
杜臻杰 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所, 新乡 453002  
周雨泽 郑州大学水利与交通学院, 郑州 450001  
中文摘要
      为了探究可降解聚乳酸微塑料(PLA-MPs)对小麦根际土壤酶活性及其代谢组学的影响作用,设置对照组(CK)、3种丰度(0.1、 0.5 和1 g·kg-1)和2种粒径(150 μm和1 000 μm)开展了盆栽试验,采用超高效液相色谱-傅里叶变换质谱联用系统对小麦根际土壤进行代谢组学分析,并结合主成分分析和正交偏最小二乘判别分析对其差异性代谢物进行筛选. 结果表明,与CK相比在不同PLA-MPs丰度和粒径下土壤脲酶(S-UE)、酸性磷酸酶(S-ACP)和蔗糖酶(S-SC)活性具有显著的增加趋势(P<0.05),且表现出粒径比丰度对其影响的差异性更显著,而对土壤脱氢酶(S-DHA)和过氧化氢酶(S-CAT)活性的差异性不显著;根际土壤差异代谢物的PCA和OPLS-DA分析说明其不同处理间的代谢物的差异性较为明显,在不同PLA-MPs粒径和丰度下根际土壤中差异代谢物属于羧酸及其衍生物、异戊烯醇脂质、脂肪酰基、有机含氧化合物、固醇及其衍生物和甘油磷脂的种类相对较多,且与CK相比不同处理下差异代谢物的表达量具有一定的差异性,如在丰度(0.1 g·kg-1)处理下差异代谢物柠檬醛丙二醇缩醛和表面活性剂仍具有相对较高的表达量,分别为0.410 3和0.415 3,而在粒径(1 000 μm)处理下丰度前20的差异代谢物的相对表达量均较低;不同PLA-MPs粒径和丰度下土壤差异代谢物KEGG通路既有一定的差异性也有一定的相似性,如在CK vs. 150 μm处理下显著差异代谢通路最多为165条,而在其他处理下显著差异代谢通路相对较少,主要的显著差异代谢通路为卟啉与叶绿素代谢、咖啡因代谢和丁酸代谢通路等;差异代谢物与酶活性具有一定的交互作用,如L-阿拉伯糖醇与S-UE(0.526,相关系数,下同)、S-ACP(-0.699)和S-SC(-0.784)间具有显著的相关性,亚油酰胺与油酸酰胺(0.777)间具有显著的正相关性. 研究成果可为评估PLA-MPs对土壤生态环境的潜在危害提供一定的数据基础和理论依据.
英文摘要
      To investigate the effects of biodegradable polylactic acid microplastics (PLA-MPs) on soil enzyme activities and metabolomics in wheat rhizosphere, a pot experiment was conducted with a control group (CK), three abundance levels (0.1, 0.5, and 1 g·kg-1), and two particle sizes (150 μm and 1 000 μm) of PLA-MPs. The metabolomic analysis of wheat rhizosphere soil was employed by the thermo fisher scientific UHPLC-Q exactive, and the differential metabolites were integrated to screen by the principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that compared to those under CK, soil urease (S-UE), acid phosphatase (S-ACP), and sucrase (S-SC) activities exhibited significant increasing trends (P<0.05) under different PLA-MPs abundances and particle sizes, with particle size demonstrating a more pronounced effect than that of abundance. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in soil dehydrogenase (S-DHA) and catalase (S-CAT) activities. PCA and OPLS-DA of rhizosphere soil metabolites revealed clear distinctions among treatments. Differential metabolites under varying PLA-MPs sizes and abundances predominantly belonged to carboxylic acids and derivatives, prenol lipids, fatty acyls, organooxygen compounds, sterols and derivatives, and glycerophospholipids. Compared to that in CK, the expression levels of differential metabolites varied across treatments. For instance, under the 0.1 g·kg-1 abundance treatment, metabolites such as citral propylene glycol acetal and surfactant maintained relatively high expression levels (0.410 3 and 0.415 3, respectively), while the top 20 abundance-ranked differential metabolites under the 1 000 μm particle size treatment showed lower relative expression. KEGG pathway analysis of soil differential metabolites indicated both differences and similarities across PLA-MPs sizes and abundances. The CK vs. 150 μm treatment exhibited the highest number of significantly altered metabolic pathways (165), whereas other treatments showed fewer. Major significantly altered pathways included porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. Interactive effects were observed between differential metabolites and enzyme activities; for example, L-arabitol showed significant correlations with S-UE (r = 0.526, correlation coefficient, id.), S-ACP (r = -0.699), and S-SC (r = -0.784), while linoleamide and oleamide exhibited a significant positive correlation (r = 0.777). This study provides foundational data and theoretical insights for assessing the potential ecological risks of PLA-MPs in soil ecosystems.

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