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长期秸秆还田和不同氮肥施用对关中地区小麦生态系统碳氮足迹的影响
摘要点击 240  全文点击 10  投稿时间:2025-04-02  修订日期:2025-07-18
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中文关键词  长期定位试验  秸秆还田  氮肥施用  碳足迹  氮足迹  关中平原
英文关键词  long-term experiment  straw returning  application of nitrogen fertilizer  carbon footprint  nitrogen footprint  Guanzhong plain
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202504021
作者单位E-mail
王艳 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100 19937692357@163.com 
宋幸徽 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100  
郑旭鹤 陕煤集团神木红柳林矿业有限公司, 神木 719313  
刘长月 陕煤集团神木红柳林矿业有限公司, 神木 719313  
原建强 陕煤集团神木红柳林矿业有限公司, 神木 719313  
张阿凤 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100
农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 
zhangafeng@nwsuaf.edu.cn 
来航线 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100
农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 
 
周建斌 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院, 杨凌 712100
农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 杨陵 712100 
 
中文摘要
      秸秆还田和氮肥施用对提升生态系统生产力有重要的作用,但其对温室气体排放和碳氮足迹的影响仍存在不确定性,为阐明秸秆还田和施氮量对土壤性质和冬小麦碳氮足迹的影响,基于长期定位试验(始于2003年),研究不同秸秆管理措施 [秸秆不还田(C)、秸秆还田(F)]和氮肥处理(N0、N120、N240)共计6个试验处理分别为CN0、CN120、CN240、FN0、FN120和FN240. 结果表明:① 秸秆还田和氮肥施用增加了生态系统CO2和N2O的排放,氮肥用量的增加进一步加剧了这种效应. 秸秆还田对CO2和N2O的排放贡献率分别为8.52%~10.52%和30.31%~48.36%. ② 氮肥施用增加了小麦产量(P<0.05),与CN0处理相比,CN120和CN240处理下年均产量分别增加112.58%和89.22%;与FN0处理相比,FN120和FN240处理下年均产量分别增加95.78%和106.66%. ③ 氮肥施用和土壤有机碳储量的年变化率对碳足迹的贡献率分别为2.91%~86.07%和22.35%~59.17%,NH3挥发和NO3-淋溶对氮足迹的贡献率分别为0%~57.70%和0%~36.60%;秸秆还田降低生态系统碳足迹,但氮肥施用增加了生态系统碳足迹,其中FN120处理下碳足迹值最低,为-5 726.64 kg·(hm2·a)-1;另外秸秆还田和施肥均增加生态系统氮足迹. 综合考虑作物产量和碳、氮足迹,秸秆还田配施120 kg·hm-2氮肥是关中地区最佳的农田管理措施,可为优化秸秆管理和减少农田生态系统温室气体排放提供参考.
英文摘要
      Straw return and nitrogen fertilizer application play a significant role in enhancing ecosystem productivity, but their impacts on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon-nitrogen footprints remain uncertain. To elucidate the effects of straw return and nitrogen application rates on soil properties and winter wheat carbon-nitrogen footprints, this study was based on a long-term field experiment (initiated in 2003), examining different straw management practices [straw not returned to the field (C) and straw returned to the field (F)] and nitrogen fertilizer treatments (N0, N120, and N240), resulting in six experimental treatments: CN0, CN120, CN240, FN0, FN120, and FN240. The results indicate: ① Straw incorporation and nitrogen fertilizer application increased CO2 and N2O emissions from the ecosystem, with higher nitrogen fertilizer rates further exacerbating this effect. Straw incorporation contributed 8.52%-10.52% to CO2 emissions and 30.31%-48.36% to N2O emissions. ② Nitrogen fertilizer application increased wheat yield (P < 0.05). Compared with that under the CN0 treatment, the average annual yield increased by 112.58% and 89.22% under the CN120 and CN240 treatments, respectively; compared with that under the FN0 treatment, the average annual yield increased by 95.78% and 106.66% under the FN120 and FN240 treatments, respectively. ③ The contribution rates of nitrogen fertilizer application and annual changes in soil organic carbon storage to the carbon footprint were 2.91%-86.07% and 22.35%-59.17%, respectively. NH3 volatilization and NO3- leaching contributed 0%-57.70% and 0%-36.60%, respectively, to the nitrogen footprint. Straw return reduced the ecosystem carbon footprint, but nitrogen fertilizer application increased the ecosystem carbon footprint, with the lowest carbon footprint value of -5 726.64 kg·(hm2·a)-1 under the FN120 treatment. Additionally, straw return and fertilization both increased the ecosystem nitrogen footprint. Considering crop yield and carbon and nitrogen footprints comprehensively, straw return combined with 120 kg·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer application is the optimal farmland management measure in the Guanzhong Region, providing a reference for optimizing straw management and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from farmland ecosystems.

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