| 干旱区集中式光伏电站对生态系统服务级联影响研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 234 全文点击 5 投稿时间：2025-05-23 修订日期：2025-07-18 |
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| 中文关键词 集中式光伏（PV） 干旱区 气候效应 生态系统服务 级联效应 |
| 英文关键词 utility-scale photovoltaics（PV） arid regions climatic effects ecosystem services cascade effects |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202505249 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杨思琪 | 中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院, 地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083 | yangsq@cugb.edu.cn | | 胡远安 | 中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院, 地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室, 北京 100083 | | | 张力小 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 区域环境安全全国重点实验室, 北京 100875 | zhanglixiao@bnu.edu.cn | | 贺瞳 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 区域环境安全全国重点实验室, 北京 100875 | | | 郝岩 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 区域环境安全全国重点实验室, 北京 100875 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 在“双碳”战略背景下，如何平衡干旱半干旱区大规模光伏开发与脆弱生态系统保护，已成为能源转型面临的关键科学问题. 随着“沙戈荒”（沙漠、戈壁和荒漠）新能源基地建设推进，光伏建设的生态效应研究日益增多，但尚缺乏层次清晰的归纳整合. 以国内外干旱半干旱区光伏基地为对象，系统梳理了生态系统“格局-过程-功能/服务”对光伏开发的响应特征与影响机制. 光伏建设通过改变地表辐射平衡、微气候条件和土地覆被，引发生态系统的级联链式响应，形成复杂的生态效应，主要体现在以下3点：①在生态结构层面，研究发现光伏建设显著改变植被群落结构和空间分布，促进耐阴物种演替，在地块尺度表现出板下生物多样性降低和板间增加的空间异质性，并对野生动物活动路径和栖息地产生干扰. ②在生态过程层面，已有研究指出光伏阵列通过降低地表反照率和增加粗糙度产生地表局部降温效应，建设初期导致土壤质量下降，但板间区域在后期改善明显，且遮阴作用减弱土壤蒸发，改善土壤水分状况促进植被恢复. ③在生态系统服务层面，研究者普遍认为光伏开发能够促进碳汇和防风固沙等调节性服务的提升，但其生态效应具有显著的时空异质性和滞后性. 同时，亦可能对生境质量和农畜产量等服务产生不利影响，进而引发生态系统服务之间的权衡关系. 总体上，当前研究以生态监测为主，针对光伏区域的生态模型研究相对有限，且现有模型的适用性与区域代表性仍存较大不确定性. 因此，未来亟需构建“光伏特征-生态过程-服务响应”集成模型，完善多尺度长期观测体系，并发展适用于光伏区域的生态系统服务评估方法，以推动干旱区光伏开发与生态保护的协同优化. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Under the background of the “dual carbon” strategy， balancing utility-scale photovoltaic （PV） development with fragile ecosystem protection in arid and semi-arid regions has become a key scientific challenge in energy transition. With the advancement of large-scale renewable energy bases in deserts， gobi， and barren lands， research on the ecological effects of PV construction has increased， yet a unified theoretical framework remains lacking. Based on cases in arid and semi-arid regions globally， ecological responses and mechanisms are reviewed from the perspectives of “pattern-process-function/service.” PV development alters surface radiation balance， microclimate， and land cover， triggering cascading ecological responses and resulting in complex effects. ① At the structural level， studies report significant changes in vegetation community composition and spatial distribution， promoting shade-tolerant species succession. Biodiversity tends to decrease under panels and increase between rows， creating spatial heterogeneity and disturbing wildlife pathways and habitats. ② At the process level， PV arrays reduce surface albedo and increase roughness， creating local cooling effects. Soil degradation is observed in early construction stages， but inter-panel zones show later improvements. Shading reduces evaporation， enhances soil moisture， and promotes vegetation recovery. ③ At the ecosystem service level， PV development is generally found to enhance carbon sequestration and wind erosion control， although the effects are highly variable across time and space， with potential trade-offs affecting habitat quality and agricultural and livestock production. Current research focuses mainly on ecological monitoring， while modeling studies remain limited， with uncertainties in applicability and regional representativeness. There is an urgent need to develop integrated models linking “PV characteristics-ecological processes-service responses；” establish long-term， multi-scale monitoring systems； and improve assessment methods for ecosystem services in PV regions to support coordinated development and ecological conservation. |
