| 黄土高原生态系统服务权衡对人为和自然因素的空间非平稳响应 |
| 摘要点击 198 全文点击 4 投稿时间：2025-05-08 修订日期：2025-08-05 |
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| 中文关键词 生态系统服务权衡 驱动因素 InVEST模型 空间回归 黄土高原 |
| 英文关键词 ecosystem service trade-offs driving factors InVEST model spatial regression Loess Plateau |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202505059 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 阐明生态系统服务权衡与驱动因素的空间异质性关联，是通过差异化生态系统管控和优化景观配置进而推动生态系统服务（ESs）协同提升的基础. 集成多源数据，通过InVEST模型量化了黄土高原地区碳固存、水源涵养、生境质量和土壤保持4项关键ESs的时空动态；综合相关性分析和均方根误差法解析了ESs间的权衡与协同效应；运用地理加权回归揭示了人为和自然因素对ESs权衡的空间异质性影响. 结果表明：①黄土高原2000~2020年期间碳储量和土壤保持服务分别增加了0.56%和0.26%，而生境质量和水源涵养服务则分别降低了0.11%和0.18%，强调了区域植被恢复潜在的碳-水矛盾；②碳固存、土壤保持和生境质量两两之间均表现为显著的协同效益，而水源涵养与碳固存、生境质量则表现为显著的权衡关系，且权衡效应的空间分布差异明显. ③人为和自然因素与ESs权衡之间关系的强度和方向存在空间差异，NDVI和年均降雨量是协调水源涵养-碳固存权衡和水源涵养-生境质量权衡的关键因子，而土地利用变化和高程差异则加剧了水源涵养-碳固存权衡和水源涵养-生境质量权衡，选择的关键人为和自然因素分别解释了水源涵养-碳固存权衡和水源涵养-生境质量权衡的69.1%和70.9%. 研究为捕捉ESs权衡与影响因素之间关系的空间差异提供了可借鉴的方法，对促进ESs协同发展的差异化植被恢复计划和景观格局优化具有重要实践意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Clarifying spatially heterogeneous relationships between ecosystem service （ESs） trade-offs and their drivers is fundamental to promoting ESs synergies through differentiated ecosystem governance and optimized landscape configuration. This study integrates multi-source data to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of four key ESs （carbon storage， water conservation， habitat quality， and soil retention） across the Loess Plateau using the InVEST model. We systematically analyze trade-off/synergy patterns among ESs through correlation analysis and root mean square error decomposition and employ geographically weighted regression to reveal spatially varying impacts of anthropogenic and natural drivers on ESs trade-offs. The main findings were as follows： ① From 2000 to 2020， carbon storage and soil retention service on the Loess Plateau increased by 0.56% and 0.26%， respectively， while habitat quality and water conservation service declined by 0.11% and 0.18%， highlighting the potential carbon-water trade-off associated with regional vegetation restoration. ② Significant synergies were observed among carbon storage， soil retention， and habitat quality， whereas water conservation showed pronounced trade-offs with both carbon storage and habitat quality， with marked spatial heterogeneity in these trade-off effects. ③ The strength and direction of relationships between anthropogenic/natural drivers and ESs trade-offs exhibited spatial divergence. NDVI and mean annual precipitation emerged as critical factors mediating the trade-offs between water conservation and carbon storage as well as water conservation and habitat quality. Conversely， land-use change and elevational gradients exacerbated these trade-offs. The selected key drivers explained 69.1% and 70.9% of the spatial variability in water conservation-carbon storage and water conservation-habitat quality trade-offs， respectively. This study provides a transferable methodology for capturing spatial heterogeneity in ESs trade-off-influencing factor relationships， offering significant practical implications for formulating differentiated vegetation restoration plans and optimizing landscape patterns to enhance ESs synergies. |
