| 临水河表层水体和沉积物中全氟和多氟化合物污染特征及风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 280 全文点击 16 投稿时间:2025-04-01 修订日期:2025-07-12 |
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| 中文关键词 临水河 全氟和多氟化合物(PFASs) 分布特征 来源解析 竞争吸附 生态风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 Linshui River per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) distribution characteristics source apportionment competitive adsorption ecological risk assessment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202504007 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张立 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 | 1649336200@qq.com | | 黄丹丹 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 东华理工大学地下水污染成因与修复江西省重点实验室, 南昌 330013 | Huangdd@ecut.edu.cn | | 张泽辉 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 | | | 余圣品 | 江西省勘察设计研究院有限公司南昌市水文地质与优质地下水资源开发利用重点实验室, 南昌 330095 江西省地质局水文地质大队, 南昌 330095 | | | 黄保荣 | 江西省勘察设计研究院有限公司南昌市水文地质与优质地下水资源开发利用重点实验室, 南昌 330095 江西省地质局水文地质大队, 南昌 330095 | | | 林烜 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 | | | 刘小鲁 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 | | | 闫春雨 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 | | | 高柏 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 东华理工大学地下水污染成因与修复江西省重点实验室, 南昌 330013 | | | 刘媛媛 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 东华理工大学地下水污染成因与修复江西省重点实验室, 南昌 330013 | | | 马文洁 | 东华理工大学水资源与环境工程学院, 南昌 330013 东华理工大学地下水污染成因与修复江西省重点实验室, 南昌 330013 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 全氟和多氟化合物(PFASs)是近年来广受关注的新污染物. 为明确临水河表层水体与沉积物中PFASs的污染特征、时空分布规律及其迁移特征,采集临水河丰、枯水期表层水体及沉积物样品,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定了15种不同类型PFASs,结合元素分析及有机碳含量等测试,利用主成分(PCA)分析、相关性(Spearman)分析、正交矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)及生态环境风险评价,揭示了PFASs与重金属(HMs)在沉积物中黏土矿物表面的竞争吸附关系,解析了临水河PFASs的来源,评估了PFASs的生态环境风险. 结果表明,枯水期水体与沉积物中PFASs质量浓度均高于丰水期,其中枯水期表层水体ρ∑15PFASs为22.66~143.54 ng·L-1(除H7),低于汉江流域和黄河流域的检测水平. 羧酸类(PFCAs)、磺酸类(PFSAs)同类间的正相关较强,表明其存在相似污染来源;沉积物-水分配系数(lgKd)为0.95~2.74,并随链长增加而增加,表明碳链长度是影响PFASs在水环境中分布的关键因素. 此外,沉积物会优先吸附金属阳离子,其次为PFASs,同时沉积物中PFASs含量与有机碳含量(OC)呈现显著一致性. PMF模型源解析发现,临水河水体和沉积物PFASs污染呈明显的点源污染特征,主要来源于工业污染(42%)和农业污染(42.2%),生活污染(15.8%)贡献较低. 生态环境风险评价指示,表层水体PFASs对生态环境影响较低,沉积物仅个别点位存在潜在的PFOS风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have recently attracted widespread attention as emerging contaminants. To investigate the pollution characteristics, spatiotemporal distribution patterns, and migration behavior of PFASs in surface water and sediments of Linshui River, surface water and sediment samples were collected during the wet and dry seasons. Fifteen PFASs were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Combined with elemental analysis and organic carbon (OC) content measurements, multivariate statistical methods—including principal component analysis (PCA), Spearman correlation analysis, positive matrix factorization (PMF), and ecological risk assessment—were applied to ① reveal the competitive adsorption between PFASs and heavy metals (HMs) on clay minerals in sediments, ② identify the sources of PFASs, and ③ evaluate their ecological risks. The results indicated that PFASs concentrations in both water and sediments were higher during the dry season than in the wet season. The total concentrations of 15 PFASs in surface water during the dry season ranged from 22.66 to 143.54 ng·L-1 (excluding H7), which were lower than those reported in the Han River Basin and Yellow River Basin. Strong positive correlations among perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) suggested similar pollution sources. The sediment-water partition coefficients (lgKd) ranged from 0.95 to 2.74 and increased with carbon chain length, indicating that chain length plays a critical role in the environmental distribution of PFASs. Furthermore, sediments preferentially adsorbed metal cations, followed by PFASs, and the content of PFASs in sediments was significantly consistent with the organic carbon content (OC). PMF model source analysis revealed that the pollution of PFASs in the surface water and sediments of Linshui River showed obvious point source pollution characteristics, mainly from industrial discharges (42%) and agricultural activities (42.2%), with a relatively low contribution from domestic wastewater pollution (15.8%). Ecological risk assessment indicated that the impact of PFASs in surface water on the ecological environment was low, and only a few sediment sites had potential perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) risk. |