| 全生物降解地膜应用现状及其环境风险 |
| 摘要点击 258 全文点击 7 投稿时间：2025-03-11 修订日期：2025-06-09 |
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| 中文关键词 地膜残留污染 全生物降解地膜 应用研究 微塑料（MPs） 地膜助剂 |
| 英文关键词 film residual pollution biodegradable films application research microplastics （MPs） additives |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202503116 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 地膜覆盖栽培是实现农田土壤增温保墒以及作物增产的重要技术. 我国地膜使用“重覆盖、轻回收”的习惯，加之传统聚乙烯塑料地膜难以降解，导致地膜在田间大量残留，对土壤健康和作物生长造成了严重的负面影响. 全生物降解地膜具备良好的降解性能，可在多种生物和非生物机制作用下逐步降解为H2O、CO2及其他矿物质，其覆盖也可显著改善土壤水热状况和提升土壤养分，达到和传统塑料地膜相当的增产效果. 因此，全生物降解地膜的推广和应用是解决农田残膜污染的有效途径. 然而，全生物降解地膜降解过程中会向土壤环境释放大量的微塑料和助剂，威胁土壤健康，对土壤动物、微生物及作物造成危害，甚至通过食物链影响人体健康. 综上所述，基于已有资料对全生物降解地膜的发展历程、降解机制、应用研究及其环境风险进行了总结，并提出了未来的研究重点和方向，旨在为全生物降解地膜的应用和环境风险管理提供参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Plastic film mulching is a critical agricultural practice in China； however， the long-standing pattern of “extensive use but inadequate recycling” has led to severe residual film pollution， negatively impacting soil health and crop productivity. Biodegradable films exhibit excellent degradation properties and can gradually break down into H2O， CO2， and minerals via biological and abiotic mechanisms. Their application can significantly improve soil hydrothermal conditions， enhance soil nutrients， and achieve yield increases comparable to conventional plastic films. Therefore， promoting and applying biodegradable films is an effective strategy to address agricultural residual film pollution. However， during the degradation process， these films may release substantial amounts of microplastics and additives into the soil environment， posing risks to soil fauna， microorganisms， and crops， with potential human health implications through the food chain. Based on literature and statistical data， this study summarizes the developmental history， degradation mechanisms， application research， and environmental risks of biodegradable films. It also proposes future research priorities and directions， aiming to provide a reference for the application and environmental risk management of biodegradable films. |
