| 黄河源区高寒草甸土壤微生物群落组成对地形生境的响应 |
| 摘要点击 232 全文点击 4 投稿时间：2025-03-17 修订日期：2025-05-27 |
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| 中文关键词 地形因子 高寒草甸 土壤微生物 功能预测 土壤电导率 黄河源区 |
| 英文关键词 terrain factor alpine meadow soil microorganism function prediction soil electrical conductivity source region of the Yellow River |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202503195 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高佩 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | 1639245486@qq.com | | 李鑫慧 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 李成一 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 柴瑜 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 王朝慧 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 马婧娟 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 袁颖 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 李希来 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | xilai-li@163.com | | 张静 | 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | qhlxl2001@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探明黄河源典型流域单元不同地形对高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构及其生态功能的影响. 以阴坡、阳坡和河滩这3种地形生境高寒草甸为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术和功能预测相结合的方法，探究不同地形生境下高寒草甸土壤微生物群落结构、多样性和分子生态网络变化. 结果表明：①3种地形生境高寒草甸土壤有细菌1 268种，其中阳坡生境特有细菌数目最高，门水平下主要优势细菌为放线菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门；有真菌316种，其中阴坡生境特有真菌数目最高，为21种，占比6.65%，门水平下主要优势真菌为子囊菌门、被孢霉门和担子菌门. ②高寒草甸土壤细菌Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数在不同地形生境间存在差异显著，土壤真菌Ace指数和Chao1指数在不同地形间存在差异显著，细菌群落多样性对地形生境的响应性高于真菌群落. ③网络拓扑特性显示，河滩生境高寒草甸土壤细菌网络复杂程度高，网络边数最多（为481个），网络以正相关关系为主；河滩生境土壤真菌网络复杂程度高，网络边数最多（为393个），网络以正相关关系为主. ④Mantel试验结果表明，高寒草甸细菌群落结构主要受植物Pielou均匀度指数、植物Shannon多样性指数、全氮和全磷变化的影响，真菌群落结构主要受草地地上生物量、土壤含水量和土壤容重变化的影响. ⑤冗余分析结果显示，植物Pielou均匀度指数是驱动黄河源区高寒草甸根际细菌群落的关键因子；土壤容重是驱动黄河源区高寒草甸根际真菌群落改变的主要驱动因子. ⑥土壤细菌FAPROTAX功能预测表明，化能异养和好氧化能异养在3类地形生境中功能最强，同时，其在阳坡和河滩生境功能表达高于阴坡生境（>5 500）. 土壤真菌FUNGuild功能预测发现，3种地形生境真菌营养类型不同，与阳坡生境相比，河滩生境生境均可提高内生-凋落物腐生-土壤腐生-未定义腐生真菌丰度. 综上所述，地形生境是影响黄河源区高寒草甸生态系统中土壤细菌与真菌多样性格局、群落构建、功能特征及共生相互作用的关键驱动因素. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to find out the influence of different topography types on the soil microbial community and its ecological function in the Yellow River source basin unit. An alpine meadow with three types of microtopography （shady slope， sunny slope， and floodplain） was taken as the research object， and the changes of soil microbial community structure， diversity， and molecular ecological network under different microtopography types were explored by combining high-throughput sequencing technology and function prediction. The results showed that： ① There were 1 268 species of bacteria in the three types of microtopography， among which the number of bacteria endemic to the sunny slope habitat was the highest， and the main dominant bacteria at the phylum level were Actinobacteria， Proteobacteria， and Acidobacteriota. There were 316 species of fungi， among which the number of fungi endemic to shady habitats was the highest， accounting for 6.65%. The dominant fungi at the phylum level were Ascomycota， Mortierellomycota， and Basidiomycota. ② The Shannon index， Simpson index， and Pielou index of soil bacteria were significantly different in different landforms， while the Ace index and Chao1 index of soil fungi were significantly different in different landforms， and bacterial community diversity was more responsive to micro-topography than fungi. ③ The topological characteristics of the network showed that the complexity of the network of soil bacteria in the flood plain habitat was high， and the network showed mainly positive correlation， with the largest number of edges （481）. The complexity of the network of soil fungi in the river beach habitat was high， and the network showed mainly positive correlation， with the largest number of edges （393）. ④ The Mantel experiment showed that the bacterial community structure was mainly affected by the changes of plant evenness index， plant aroma index， total nitrogen， and total phosphorus， while the fungal community structure was mainly affected by the changes in biomass， SWC， and BD. ⑤ The results of redundancy analysis showed that the plant evenness index was the key factor driving the rhizosphere bacterial community of the alpine meadow in the source area of the Yellow River. BD was the main driving factor to change the rhizosphere fungal community of the alpine meadow in the source region of the Yellow River. These findings emphasized the importance of microtopography in driving the diversity， community structure， functional contour， and co-occurrence network of bacteria and fungi in the alpine meadow ecosystem. ⑥ The function prediction of soil bacteria FAPROTAX showed that chemoheterotrophy and aerobic_chemoheterotrophy had the strongest functions in three types of topographic habitats， and at the same time， their functional expression in sunny and floodplain habitats was higher than that in shady habitats （> 5 500）. Fungal FUNGuild function prediction showed that the nutritional types of fungi in the three terrain habitats were different， and compared with that in the sunny slope habitats， the floodplain habitats could increase the abundance of endophytic-litter saprophytic-soil saprophytic-undefined saprophytic fungi. To summarize， topography and habitat are the key driving factors that affect the diversity pattern， community construction， functional characteristics， and symbiotic interaction of soil bacteria and fungi in the alpine meadow ecosystem in the source region of the Yellow River. |
