| 北运河流域精神活性物质污染特征和生态风险 |
| 摘要点击 405 全文点击 8 投稿时间：2025-03-22 修订日期：2025-06-01 |
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| 中文关键词 北运河流域 精神活性物质（PSs） 污染特征 分配行为 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 Beiyun River Basin psychoactive substances （PSs） pollution characteristics partitioning behavior environmental risk |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202503259 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 近年来，精神活性物质在受人类活动强烈干扰的典型城市河流中的污染特征和生态风险引起越来越多的关注. 选择京津冀地区的北运河流域作为研究区域，采用固相萃取和QuEChERS方法，结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）对地表水和沉积物样品中的12种精神活性物质进行定量，采用自组织映射和k均值聚类算法分析目标药物的空间分布模式和潜在污染来源，并基于分配系数和风险商（RQ）评估污染物在水环境中的分配行为与生态风险. 结果表明，所有目标精神活性物质均在北运河流域地表水中检出，麻黄碱的检出质量浓度最高（198.36 ng·L-1），检出率达100%；沉积物中9种药物被检出，甲基苯丙胺和美沙酮的检出率最高（100%）. 空间聚类分析显示，研究区域的精神活性物质污染主要源自污水处理厂出水、医院污水以及农业活动. 苯丙胺和可卡因易吸附于沉积物，而麻黄碱和可待因具有更强的流动性，精神活性物质在沉积物-水系统中的分配受多因素协同作用，不同化合物的主导调控因子存在显著差异. 所有目标药物的RQ值均低于0.1，表明当前污染水平对水生生态系统的风险较低，然而此类污染物具有较高的生物活性，有必要对其开展长期监测以监控潜在的风险变化. |
| 英文摘要 |
| As a class of emerging contaminants， psychoactive substances have been widely studied regarding their occurrence and removal efficiency in wastewater. However， their pollution characteristics and ecological risks in urban rivers heavily influenced by human activities have attracted increasing attention in recent years. The Beiyun River Basin in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was selected as the study area， where 53 surface water samples and 20 sediment samples were collected. A comprehensive analytical approach was employed， combining solid-phase extraction （SPE） and Quick， Easy， Cheap， Effective， Rugged， and Safe （QuEChERS） methods with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） for the quantification of 12 target psychoactive substances. The spatial distribution patterns and potential pollution sources were analyzed using self-organizing maps （SOM） and k-means clustering algorithms， while the partitioning behavior and ecological risks of the target drugs were assessed based on the partition coefficient and risk quotient （RQ）. The results indicate that all target psychoactive substances were detected in surface water of the Beiyun River Basin， with ephedrine exhibiting the highest concentration （198.36 ng·L-1） and a detection frequency of 100%. In sediments， nine drugs were detected， with methamphetamine and methadone showing the highest detection frequency （100%）. Spatial clustering analysis revealed that psychoactive substance pollution in the study area primarily originated from wastewater treatment plant effluents， hospital discharges， and agricultural activities. Amphetamine and cocaine exhibited strong adsorption to sediments， whereas ephedrine and codeine demonstrated higher mobility. The distribution of psychoactive substances in the sediment-water system was influenced by multiple interacting factors， with different compounds governed by distinct dominant factors. Ecological risk assessment results showed that the RQ values for all target drugs were below 0.1， suggesting a low risk to aquatic ecosystems at the current contamination levels. However， the present study relied on grab sampling， which only reflected instantaneous concentrations at the time of sampling and failed to capture seasonal variations or peak exposure risks from episodic discharge events. Given the high polarity and biological activity of psychoactive substances， continuous monitoring is warranted to assess their long-term ecological implications. |
