| 基于PMF模型和机器学习模型的金属冶炼园区周边农田土壤重金属污染来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 602 全文点击 8 投稿时间：2025-02-26 修订日期：2025-06-14 |
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| 中文关键词 重金属 源解析 正定矩阵因子分解（PMF） 机器学习 金属冶炼园区 |
| 英文关键词 heavy metals source apportionment positive matrix factorization（PMF） machine learning metal smelting park |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202502221 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 探究多种土壤重金属溯源方法，定量掌握土壤重金属污染特征，对土壤污染防控有着重要意义. 以湖南某金属冶炼园区周边土壤为研究对象，对土壤中Cd、As、Pb、Cu和Zn等5种重金属元素进行分析，使用地累积指数评价土壤污染程度，利用空间分布、正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）和支持向量回归-可解释性模型（SVR-SHAP）进行源解析. 土壤重金属污染评价结果表明，园区周边土壤中5种重金属均存在污染风险，其中Cd和As风险最高. 基于PMF模型的源解析识别出2个污染来源，即人为源和自然源，对土壤重金属贡献率分别为53.16%和46.84%. PMF模型判定土壤Cu和Zn主要受自然源影响，Cd、As和Pb主要受人为源影响. 结合园区生产活动、周边情况及SVR-SHAP模型进一步解析土壤污染来源. 结果表明，土壤Cd污染主要来自于冶炼活动和农业活动，As污染主要来自于冶炼活动和化石燃料燃烧，Pb污染主要来自于冶炼活动、废渣堆放和农业活动. 研究结果表明，该金属冶炼园区周边区域农田土壤存在较大的重金属污染风险，联合使用两种模型能够更合理地判别土壤重金属主要的污染来源. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Exploring various methods for tracing heavy metals in soil and quantitatively understanding the characteristics of soil heavy metal pollution is of great significance for soil pollution prevention and control. Here， the soil around a metal smelting park in Hunan Province is taken as the research object. We analyze five heavy metal elements in the soil including Cd， As， Pb， Cu， and Zn； evaluate the degree of soil pollution using the geo-accumulation index； and perform source apportionment using spatial distribution， PMF， and SVR-SHAP. The evaluation results of soil heavy metal pollution indicate that all five heavy metals in the surrounding soil of the park had pollution risks， among which Cd and As had the highest risk. Based on the PMF model， two pollution sources were identified through source apportionment， namely anthropogenic sources and natural sources， with contribution rates of 53.16% and 46.84% to soil heavy metals， respectively. The PMF model determined that soil Cu and Zn were mainly influenced by natural sources， and Cd， As， and Pb were mainly influenced by anthropogenic sources. The research and SVR-SHAP model analysis results indicate that soil Cd pollution mainly came from smelting activities and agricultural activities； As pollution mainly came from smelting activities and fossil fuel combustion； and Pb pollution mainly came from smelting activities， waste disposal， and agricultural activities. There was a significant risk of heavy metal pollution in the farmland soil around the metal smelting park. Combining two models can more reasonably identify the main sources of heavy metal pollution in the soil. |
