| 不同粒径生物炭对土壤磷有效性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 272 全文点击 14 投稿时间：2025-02-24 修订日期：2025-05-21 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 粒径 有效磷 细菌群落 酶活性 |
| 英文关键词 biochar particle size available phosphorus bacterial communities enzyme activity |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202502198 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 生物炭能改变土壤磷的有效性，已有研究多集中于生物炭用量和配施对土壤有效磷含量的影响，然而生物炭的粒径如何影响土壤磷的转化仍知之甚少. 采用盆栽试验，以研究不同粒径生物炭[C0、C1（>1 mm）、C2（0.5~0.25 mm）和C3（<0.01 mm）]在不同磷水平[P0（0 g·kg-1）和P1（0.16 g·kg-1）]下如何通过影响土壤化学性质、酶活性和细菌群落，进而影响土壤有效磷含量. 结果表明，生物炭施用后土壤有机碳和铵态氮含量显著升高（P<0.05）. 在P0水平下生物炭施用后土壤有效磷含量增加，且随生物炭粒径的减小先降低后升高；在P1水平下生物炭施用后土壤有效磷含量降低，随生物炭粒径的减小而升高. 生物炭施用后土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和phoD基因丰度均增加，且在P1水平下随着生物炭粒径的减小，呈现先升高后降低的趋势. 与此相对应的细菌多样性发生变化，尤其是增加了变形菌门的相对丰度. 通过构建随机森林预测模型，明确土壤磷水平、有机碳含量、碱性磷酸酶活性及Chao1指数为土壤有效磷含量的主要驱动因子. 综上，生物炭对土壤磷有效性的作用因其粒径和土壤磷水平差异而不同，在使用生物炭进行土壤改良时，应综合考虑生物炭的粒径及土壤磷水平对土壤养分和土壤细菌的影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Biochar can change the effectiveness of soil phosphorus， and most of the available studies have focused on the effects of biochar dosage and allotment on soil available phosphorus content. However， how the particle size of biochar affects soil phosphorus transformation driven is still poorly understood. A pot experiment was used in order to study how different particle sizes of biochar [C0， C1（>1 mm）， C2（0.5-0.25 mm）， and C3（<0.01 mm）] affected soil chemical properties， soil enzyme activities， and soil bacterial communities and consequently， soil available phosphorus content， at different phosphorus levels [P0（0 g·kg-1）， P1（0.16 g·kg-1）]. The results showed that soil organic carbon and ammonium nitrogen contents were significantly higher （P<0.05） after biochar application. Soil available phosphorus content increased after biochar application at the P0 level compared with that in the C0 treatment， and it decreased and then increased with the decrease in biochar particle size； soil available phosphorus content decreased after biochar application at the P1 level and increased with the decrease in biochar particle size. Soil enzyme activity and phoD gene abundance increased after biochar application and showed a tendency of increasing and then decreasing with the decrease in biochar particle size at the P1 level. The corresponding bacterial diversity changed， especially increasing the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria. By constructing a random forest prediction model， the soil phosphorus level， organic carbon content， alkaline phosphatase activity， and the Chao1 index were identified as the main drivers of soil available phosphorus content. In summary， the effect of biochar on soil phosphorus availability varies depending on its particle size and the initial soil phosphorus level. Therefore， when using biochar for soil amendment， it is essential to comprehensively consider the influence of biochar particle size and soil phosphorus level on soil nutrients and bacterial communities. |
