| 基于PLUS-InVEST耦合的黄河上中游流域生态功能分区 |
| 摘要点击 675 全文点击 10 投稿时间：2025-03-19 修订日期：2025-05-29 |
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| 中文关键词 生物多样性 生境质量（HQ） PLUS模型 情景预测 空间统计 |
| 英文关键词 biodiversity habitat quality（HQ） PLUS model scenario prediction spatial statistics |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202503218 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 安文举 | 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021 | Tenmoon25@163.com | | 李王成 | 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021
旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心, 银川 750021
省部共建西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室, 银川 750021 | liwangcheng@126.com | | 王帅 | 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院, 银川 750021
旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心, 银川 750021 | | | 李小兵 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水土保持绥德治理监督局, 榆林 719000 | | | 崔乐乐 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水土保持绥德治理监督局, 榆林 719000 | | | 张栋 | 黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局, 西安 710021 | | | 刘思君 | 黄河水利委员会黄河水土保持绥德治理监督局, 榆林 719000 | | | 赵广兴 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 合理规划生态分区可因地制宜促进生境质量的恢复和避免生态资金的浪费. 聚焦黄河上中游流域20 a（2003~2023年）土地利用动态变化和重心迁移规律，采用InVEST模型量化区域生境质量并采用空间自相关模型划分集聚区域，基于不同情景下的土地利用变化与生境质量的耦合特征，划定了生态功能分区以开展针对性的生境保护. 结果表明：①草地、耕地和林地是黄河上中游流域主要的土地利用类型，2003~2023年平均占比分别为59.96%、22.44%和11.70%；耕地、草地和裸地转移相对活跃，20 a林地和建设用地面积不断增加，裸地面积下降了7 372.26 km2，青海和甘肃两省水域面积增加了546.84 km2. ②PLUS模型能够有效预测未来土地利用状况，整体准确率达89.07%. ③黄河上中游流域在20 a维持了相对较高的生境质量，较高和高等级占总面积近70%，平均生境质量呈先增后减的趋势，县域内生境质量表现出正的空间自相关性和集聚性. ④基于此，分别从生态保持、耕地发展、生态治理和经济发展这4个方面开发了4个生态功能分区，生态保持区致力于现有生境质量的维持，耕地发展区主要发展农业，优先考虑粮食增收，丘陵区的耕地鼓励发展果树等产业，经济发展区应大力发展经济，同时落实“占补平衡”的土地政策，在合理区域考虑建设用地爬坡，生态治理区应积极探索如光伏治沙等新兴治沙措施，促进植被覆盖以提高生境质量. 研究成果可为黄河上中游流域生境改善提供数据支持和空间指导，有助于未来研究制定更加精细的功能分区策略. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Reasonable planning of ecological zoning can effectively promote habitat quality （HQ） restoration in a location-specific manner and avoid the waste of funds. By focusing on the dynamic changes and center-of-gravity migration laws of land use/cover in the Upper and Middle Yellow River Basin （UMYRB） over the past 20 years （2003-2023）， the InVEST model was employed to quantify regional habitat quality， and the spatial autocorrelation model was utilized to delineate agglomeration areas. Based on the coupling characteristics of land use/cover and HQ under different scenarios， ecological function zones were systematically defined to implement targeted habitat protection strategies. The results indicate that： ① Grassland， farmland， and forest land were the predominant land use/cover types in the UMYRB， accounting for average proportions of 59.96%， 22.44%， and 11.70%， respectively， from 2003 to 2023. The transfer of farmland， grassland， and bare land exhibited relative activity. Over the past 20 years， the areas of forest land and construction land increased continuously， while the area of bare land decreased by 7 372.26 km2， reflecting rapid regional economic development and the positive impacts of ecological policies. Due to the implementation of the “National Wetland Conservation Project Plan” and the “Ecological Protection of the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve” policy， the water bodies in Qinghai and Gansu provinces increased by 546.84 km2. ② The PLUS model could effectively predict future land use/cover， achieving an overall accuracy of 89.07%. Among the driving factors， construction land and water bodies significantly responded to DEM， with contribution rates of 23.70% and 31.05%， respectively. ③ The UMYRB has maintained a relatively high HQ over the past 20 years， with higher and high grades accounting for nearly 70% of the total area， concentrated in regions dominated by forest land， grassland， and water bodies. Lower and low HQ grades accounted for 26.53% to 29.85% of the total area， closely associated with the distribution of farmland， construction land， and bare land. The average HQ exhibited a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. County-level HQ data revealed positive spatial autocorrelation and clustering patterns， with H-H clusters primarily located in the “Yellow River source area” and the border region between Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. ④ Based on these findings， four ecological function zones were developed， encompassing ecological conservation， farmland development， ecological governance， and economic development. The ecological conservation zone aims to sustain existing habitat quality levels. The farmland development zone should prioritize agricultural advancement and enhance grain production income. Farmland in hilly regions is encouraged to develop fruit tree industries. The economic development zone should focus on economic growth while implementing the “balancing occupation and compensation” land policy. In appropriate areas， consideration should be given to the slope of construction land. In ecological governance zones， innovative sand control measures， such as photovoltaic sand control， should be actively explored to improve vegetation coverage and enhance habitat quality. These research findings provide data support and spatial guidance for habitat improvement in the UMYRB and contribute to the formulation of more refined functional zoning strategies in future research. |
