| 中国家庭能源消费的多维特征及公平性分析 |
| 摘要点击 498 全文点击 6 投稿时间：2025-02-10 修订日期：2025-06-03 |
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| 中文关键词 基尼系数 家庭能源消费 公平性 家庭收入 能源类型 影响因素 |
| 英文关键词 Gini coefficient household energy consumption equity household income energy type influencing factors |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202502043 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 研究家庭部门在能源转型中的能源消费多维特征及其不平等问题，探讨导致不平等的关键因素，对于全面理解家庭部门能源消费的现状与差异，推动公正能源转型具有重要的现实意义. 基于中国家庭追踪调查数据，采用投入产出分析法及标准煤转换方法，衡量家庭能源消费的多维特征，并通过基尼系数评估家庭能源消费的公平性，探讨影响能源消费公平性的关键因素. 结果表明：①2013~2021年间，中国家庭能源消费总体呈现持续增长态势，不平等程度逐步缓解. 人均收入较高地区的能源消费水平更高，分配公平性亦优于其他地区. ②家庭部门在交通能源、电器供电和家庭设备及日用品类能源消费方面持续增长，交通能源和集中供暖领域的不平等程度依然显著. 此外，传统化石能源在整体能源消费结构中的占比逐渐下降，呈现出清洁化转型的趋势. ③2013~2021年间，城乡之间及城乡内部各收入群体的能源消费差距不断扩大. 高收入家庭不仅能源消费总量较高，更倾向于使用非化石能源，而低收入家庭则仍然依赖传统化石能源. ④收入差距、集中供暖与交通能源等类型的能源消费差异，是导致家庭能源消费不平等的主要因素. 应重点关注不同收入群体间的能源消费差距，尤其是在交通能源和集中供暖领域. 通过实施针对性的政策措施以降低家庭能源消费不平等，是实现公正能源转型的关键. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Studying the multidimensional characteristics of the household sector's energy consumption and its inequality in the energy transition， as well as exploring the key factors leading to inequality， are of great practical significance for a comprehensive understanding of the status quo and differences in the household sector's energy consumption and for promoting a just energy transition. Based on the data from the China Household Tracking Survey， the input-output analysis method and the standard coal conversion method are used to measure the multidimensional characteristics of household energy consumption， and the Gini coefficient is used to assess the fairness of household energy consumption and to explore the key factors affecting the fairness of energy consumption. The results showed that： ① Between 2013 and 2021， China's household energy consumption in general showed a sustained growth trend， and the inequality gradually eased. Regions with higher per capita income had higher levels of energy consumption and better distributional equity than those of other regions. ② The household sector continued to grow in terms of energy consumption in the categories of transportation energy， electricity supply for electrical appliances， and household equipment and daily necessities， with inequality remaining significant in the areas of transportation energy and central heating. In addition， the share of traditional fossil energy in the overall energy consumption structure was gradually declining， showing a trend of cleaner transition. ③ Between 2013 and 2021， the gap in energy consumption between urban and rural areas and within urban and rural areas across income groups had been widening. High-income households not only had higher total energy consumption but also preferred to use non-fossil energy， while low-income households still relied on traditional fossil energy. ④ Income disparity， centralized heating and transportation energy， and other types of energy consumption differences were the main factors leading to inequality in household energy consumption. Attention should be focused on the energy consumption gap between different income groups， especially in the areas of transportation energy and centralized heating. Reducing inequalities in household energy consumption through the implementation of targeted policy measures is key to achieving a just energy transition. |
