| 平朔矿区不同恢复阶段榆树林地土壤碳氮磷硫功能基因特征 |
| 摘要点击 1567 全文点击 39 投稿时间：2025-01-25 修订日期：2025-04-23 |
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| 中文关键词 露天矿区 植被恢复 功能基因 碳氮磷硫循环 土壤性质 |
| 英文关键词 open-pit mining area vegetation restoration functional genes carbon nitrogen phosphorus sulfur cycle soil properties |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202501261 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 露天煤矿开采对矿区生态环境造成了严重破坏，植被恢复与土壤微生物功能基因密切相关，研究长时间序列的植被恢复对土壤碳氮磷硫功能基因的影响，对受损矿区的生态恢复具有重要意义. 选取平朔露天煤矿复垦榆树林作为研究对象，采集生长年限为5 a（UP5）、15 a（UP15）和25 a（UP25）的根际土壤样品，分析不同恢复阶段下土壤化学性质与碳氮磷硫功能基因的变化. 结果表明，相比于5 a和15 a，恢复25 a的榆树林对土壤肥力的提升和改善能力较强. 与碳氮磷硫循环相关的功能基因总丰度呈上升趋势，其中氮循环过程是榆树林地主要的生化过程，所有碳固定基因中参与还原性乙酰辅酶A途径的acsA基因丰度最高，磷循环的主要生化过程为有机磷矿化，硫氧化过程要强于硫还原过程. 生长年限为25 a的榆树林地微生物功能基因的多样性与稳定性显著高于5 a与15 a，且以相互促进和合作为主要模式，共同参与物质循环过程. 土壤全碳和有效磷是碳循环基因的主要影响因子，土壤全碳、全氮、硝态氮和有效磷是氮循环基因的主要影响因子，硫循环基因丰度与土壤化学性质均呈现显著正相关（P＜0.01）. 综上，随恢复时间的增加，榆树25 a林地土壤的化学性质、碳氮磷硫功能基因多样性与稳定性显著高于5 a与15 a，土壤质量得到了改善. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Open-pit coal mining has caused serious damage to the ecological environment, and vegetation restoration is a major management for ecological restoration in mining areas. The nutrient cycling mediated by soil microorganisms is closely related to the soil functional genes. Studying the effects of long-term vegetation restoration on soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur functional genes is of great significance for ecological restoration in mining areas. The reclamation of Ulmus pumila (UP) forest land in the Pingshuo open-pit coal mine was selected as the research object. Rhizosphere soil samples of UP with growth years of 5 a (UP5), 15 a (UP15), and 25 a (UP25) were collected to analyze the relationship between soil chemical properties and the abundance of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur functional genes. The results showed that with the increase in restoration time, the nutrient content of the soil significantly increased (P < 0.05). The total abundance of functional genes related to the carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles increased, and the nitrogen cycle was the main biochemical process in UP forest land. Among all carbon fixation genes, the acsA involved in the reducing acetyl CoA pathway had the highest abundance. The main biochemical process of the phosphorus cycle was organic phosphorus mineralization, and the sulfur oxidation process was stronger than the sulfur reduction process. When the growth period was 25 a, the diversity and stability of microbial functional genes were highest. Additionally, mutual promotion and cooperation among genes were the main mode of function genes activity. In the UP forest land, total carbon and available phosphorus were the primary factors for carbon cycling genes, while total carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and available phosphorus were the primary factors for nitrogen cycling genes. The sulfur cycling genes were significantly positively correlated with soil chemical properties (P < 0.01). The results showed that the soil chemical properties, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur functional genes diversity and stability in 25 a of UP were significantly higher than those in 5 a and 15 a, and soil quality has been improved. In a word, with the restoration time increasing, vegetation restoration impacted the abundance and diversity of functional genes by altering the soil chemical properties, ultimately promoting the restoration and stability of the ecosystem. These results are helpful to understand the influence of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur-related functional genes in the process of vegetation restoration and to provide genetic scientific basis for ecological restoration in the mining areas. |
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