| 水文生态功能稳定视角下的西辽河流域植被格局优化分析 |
| 摘要点击 1574 全文点击 46 投稿时间：2025-01-21 修订日期：2025-04-10 |
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| 中文关键词 植被格局 生态服务功能 陆地水储量 生境质量 生态修复关键区 |
| 英文关键词 vegetation pattern ecological service function terrestrial water storage habitat quality key ecological restoration areas |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202501234 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 植被格局优化对于保障生态系统功能和水资源可持续利用具有重要意义. 以西辽河流域为研究区，从统筹水文和生态功能协同稳定的视角开展植被格局优化分析，确定适宜的植被规模和分布. 首先，采用InVEST模型、形态学格局分析、电路理论等方法，确定支撑生态系统服务功能稳定的生态修复关键区. 然后，根据分区县地下水埋深和陆地水储量恢复目标，确定维持陆地水平衡的耕地和草地规模. 最后，兼顾生态功能和水文功能，确定各区县需要退耕还草的规模与空间分布，得到全流域优化后的植被格局. 结果表明：①1980~2020年间流域生境质量平均值从0.46下降到0.41，95.4%的区域呈现不同程度地退化；若维持流域生态服务功能稳定，则需开展生态修复的关键区面积为1 031.78 km2，其中耕地面积占比近50%. ②流域涉及的24个区县中，有21个在1980~2020年间陆地水储量呈亏损状态；若维持水文功能稳定，则全流域每年需减少耗水量达42 782.90万m3，为此需退耕还草的规模为4 278.29 km2. ③对于科尔沁右翼中旗、通榆县、扎鲁特旗和科尔沁左翼中旗，将生态修复关键区内的耕地转化为草地即可保障水文生态功能稳定. 对于其余区县，将生态修复关键区内的耕地转化为草地之后，仅能实现生态服务功能稳定，但仍无法满足水文功能稳定需求，为此还需进一步压减3 790.60 km2的耕地. 研究弥补了水文或生态功能单一视角的不足，能够为科学制定植被格局优化策略以及保障生态系统和水资源稳定提供可靠参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The optimization of vegetation pattern is of great significance for ensuring ecosystem function and sustainable water resource utilization. This study focused on the Xiliao River Basin, wherein an optimization analysis of vegetation pattern was conducted from the perspective of coordinating and stabilizing hydrological and ecological function stability, aiming to determine the appropriate scale and distribution of vegetation. Firstly, methods such as the InVEST model, morphological spatial pattern analysis, and circuit theory were employed to identify the key ecological restoration areas that support stable ecosystem services. Then, based on groundwater table zoning and terrestrial water storage recovery targets, the scale of cultivated land and grassland required to maintain terrestrial water balance was determined. Finally, considering both ecological and hydrological functions, the spatial distribution and scale of converting cultivated land to grassland in each district and county were determined, obtaining the optimized vegetation pattern for the entire basin. The results indicate that: ① From 1980 to 2020, the average value of habitat quality in the Xiliao River Basin decreased from 0.46 to 0.41, with 95.4% of the area experiencing varying degrees of degradation. To maintain the stability of basin ecosystem services, the key area for ecological restoration was 1 031.78 km2, with cultivated land accounting for nearly 50%. ② Among the 24 districts and counties involved in the basin, 21 of them showed a deficit in terrestrial water storage during 1980-2020. To maintain hydrological function stability, the annual water consumption of the whole basin should be reduced by 427.829 million m3, and 4 278.29 km2 of cultivated land should to be converted to grassland. ③ For Horqin Right Middle Banner, Tongyu County, Zhalot Banner, and Horqin Left Middle Banner, converting cultivated land within the key ecological restoration areas into grassland could ensure hydrological and ecological function stability. For the other districts and counties, converting cultivated land within the key ecological restoration areas into grassland could only achieve the stability of ecological service, but it still cannot meet the demand for hydrological function stability. Therefore, an additional 3 790.60 km2 of cultivated land would still need to be reduced. This study addresses the limitations of a single perspective focused on hydrological or ecological functions. The findings can provide valuable references for formulating vegetation pattern optimization strategies and ensuring the stability of ecosystems and water resources. |
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