| 我国水库微塑料的环境行为及其生态效应研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 2108 全文点击 114 投稿时间：2024-09-12 修订日期：2025-05-10 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 水库 赋存特征 环境行为 生态风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics(MPs) reservoir occurrence characteristics environmental behavior ecological risks assessment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202409160 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 水库是筑坝拦水而形成的人工湖泊，因蓄水防洪引起的污染物富集已然成为全球面临的重大生态问题. 微塑料通过大气沉降、污水排放和地表径流等途径进入水库并持续积累，不仅对水库生态系统产生重要影响，还可能通过饮水和食物链威胁人类健康. 为全面了解中国水库微塑料赋存特征，基于2013~2024年中国水库微塑料污染的研究文献进行了分析. 结果表明，我国水库表层水中微塑料平均丰度为（11 542±15 325）n·m-3，沉积物中为（1 408.45±2 659.03）n·kg-1；主要类型是聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯；微塑料的粒径分布呈现出粒径越小，丰度越高的趋势. 水库建设改变了河流自然水文情势，蓄水期和泄洪期两个阶段的河流由于水动力条件和水环境的不同，对微塑料的水平输移和垂向迁移行为产生了重要影响. 此外，微塑料在水库封闭水体中容易形成生物膜，并吸附各种污染物和有机质，不仅对水库系统营养元素循环产生影响，其被动植物吞食后还会造成毒性作用. 最后，还提出了水库微塑料污染研究中需要进一步解决的问题，并且对水库微塑料污染未来的研究方向及重点进行了展望，以期为水库微塑料污染的生态风险评估和污染防控提供科学参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Reservoirs are artificial lakes formed by damming water, and the enrichment of pollutants caused by water storage and flood control has become a major ecological problem worldwide. Microplastics enter reservoirs through atmospheric deposition, sewage discharge, and surface runoff and continue to accumulate, not only having a significant impact on reservoir ecosystems but even threatening human health through drinking water and the food chain. To comprehensively understand the status of microplastic pollution in Chinese reservoirs, this study analyzed research articles on microplastic pollution in Chinese reservoirs from 2013 to 2024. This study showed that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface water of Chinese reservoirs was (11 542±15 325) n·m-3 and (1 408.45±2 659.03) n·kg-1 in the sediments. The main types of microplastics were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene, and the particle size distribution of microplastics showed the trend of higher abundance as the size of the particles got smaller. Reservoir construction has changed the natural hydrological situation of the river, and the different hydrodynamic conditions and water environments of the river during the impoundment period and the flood discharge period have had a significant impact on the horizontal and vertical transport behavior of microplastics. In addition, microplastics are prone to form biofilms in closed water bodies of reservoirs and adsorb various pollutants and organic matter, which not only have an impact on the nutrient cycling of the reservoir system but also cause toxic effects when ingested by plants and animals. Finally, this study puts forward the problems that remain to be solved in the future study of microplastic pollution in reservoirs and envisions the future research directions and focuses of microplastic pollution in reservoirs, with a view to providing scientific references for the ecological risk assessment, pollution prevention, and control of microplastic pollution in China's reservoirs. |
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