| 不同培肥措施对褐土土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 557 全文点击 29 投稿时间：2024-11-07 修订日期：2025-03-21 |
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| 中文关键词 施肥方式 微生物群落 酶活性 土壤养分 高通量测序 共现网络 |
| 英文关键词 fertilization method microbial communities enzyme activity soil nutrients high-throughput sequencing co-occurrence network |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260260 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 探讨不同培肥措施对褐土农田养分和冬小麦产量的影响，解析土壤胞外酶和微生物群落的变化特征，为高效提升褐土农田土壤肥力和冬小麦产量提供理论依据. 基于2017~2024年连续7a的定位试验，包括5种不同培肥措施：不施肥处理（CK）、常规施肥处理（NPK）、优化施肥处理（NPKM）、单施有机肥处理（OM）和常规施肥+秸秆直接还田处理（NPKS），利用高通量测序技术和生态网络方法，综合分析了土壤养分含量、胞外酶活性、细菌和真菌群落结构和功能. 结果表明：①不同培肥措施（NPK、NPKM、NPKS和OM）均可以提高土壤肥力、小麦产量和胞外酶活性，其中NPKS处理提升效果最为显著. ②不同培肥措施改变了土壤细菌群落结构组成，不同培肥措施均提高了变形菌门和拟杆菌门的相对丰度，降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度；SOC、UE和TP是影响细菌群落组成的重要影响因素. ③土壤真菌优势门为子囊菌门、担子菌门和被孢霉门；均提高了子囊菌门和被孢霉门相对丰度；DHA、AP和UE是影响真菌群落组成的重要影响因素. ④不同培肥措施增加了土壤细菌群落网络的复杂性，降低了土壤真菌群落网络的复杂性. ⑤FAPROTAX细菌功能预测结果表明，不同培肥措施提高了土壤碳氮循环相关功能；FUNGuild真菌功能预测表明，秸秆还田可以抑制土壤病原菌的生长，而施加有机肥则会促进腐生真菌生长. 不同培肥措施均可提高土壤肥力和胞外酶活性，增加有益菌群丰度，显著改变土壤微生物群落结构和组成，促进土壤碳氮循环，秸秆还田可以抑制土壤病原菌的生长. 有机无机配施（NPKS和NPKM）提升效果优于单施化肥（NPK）和单施有机肥（OM），有机无机配施有利于改善土壤质量，促进碳和氮循环，提高作物产量，从而实现旱作农业的可持续发展. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The aim of this study was to explore the effects of different fertilization measures on nutrients and winter wheat yield in brown soil fields， analyze the characteristics of soil extracellular enzymes and microbial communities， and provide a theoretical basis for effectively improving soil fertility and winter wheat yield in brown soil fields. Based on seven consecutive years of positioning tests from 2017 to 2024， including five different fertilization measures， soil nutrient content， extracellular enzyme activity， and bacterial and fungal community structure and function were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology and the ecological network method in a no fertilization treatment （CK）， conventional fertilization treatment （NPK）， optimized fertilization treatment （NPKM）， single organic fertilizer treatment （OM）， and conventional fertilization + straw direct return treatment （NPKS）. The results showed that：① Different fertilization measures （NPK， NPKM， NPKS， and OM） could improve soil fertility， wheat yield， and extracellular enzyme activity， among which the NPKS treatment had the most significant effect. ② Different fertilization measures changed the composition of the soil bacterial community， and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes was increased， while the relative abundance of Acidobacteria was decreased. SOC， UE， and TP were important factors affecting the composition of bacterial communities. ③ The dominant phyla of soil fungi were Ascomycetes， Basidiomycetes， and Mortieromycetes. The relative abundance of Ascomycetes and Mortierella was increased. DHA， AP， and UE were important factors affecting the composition of the fungal community. ④ Different fertilization measures increased the complexity of the soil bacterial community network and decreased the complexity of the soil fungal community network. ⑤ FAPROTAX bacterial function prediction results showed that different fertilization measures improved soil carbon and nitrogen cycling-related functions. FUNGuild fungal function prediction showed that returning straw to field could inhibit the growth of soil pathogens， while applying organic fertilizer could promote the growth of saprophytic fungi. Different fertilization measures could improve soil fertility and extracellular enzyme activity， increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria， significantly change the structure and composition of the soil microbial community， and promote soil carbon and nitrogen cycling. Straw returning to field could inhibit the growth of soil pathogens. The effects of organic and inorganic combined application （NPKS and NPKM） were better than those of NPK and OM. Organic and inorganic combined application was conducive to improving soil quality， promoting carbon and nitrogen cycling， and increasing crop yield， so as to achieve sustainable development of dry farming. |
