| 微生物菌剂与羊板粪添加对退化高寒草甸土壤养分及土壤细菌多样性的影响 |
| 摘要点击 479 全文点击 22 投稿时间：2025-01-25 修订日期：2025-03-10 |
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| 中文关键词 黄河源区 微生物菌剂 羊板粪 高寒草甸 细菌群落结构 土壤理化性质 |
| 英文关键词 source region of the Yellow River microbial bacterial fertilizer sheep manure alpine meadow bacterial community structure physical and chemical properties of soil |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260259 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高佩 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | 1639245486@qq.com | | 李希来 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | xilai-li@163.com | | 张静 | 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | qhlxl2001@163.com | | 柴瑜 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 李成一 | 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 李鑫慧 | 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 西宁 810016
青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 王玥 | 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 赵筱妍 | 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | | | 苗金花 | 青海大学农牧学院, 西宁 810016 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 三江源区是我国重要的生态屏障，但由于气候暖干化和人类活动，该区域的高寒草甸退化现象加剧，迫切需要绿色可持续的土壤恢复措施. 施肥是青藏高原地区退化高寒草甸生态恢复的常见措施，但菌肥和粪肥配施对高寒草甸根际细菌群落和土壤理化性质的影响尚不清楚. 以黄河源区中度退化高寒草甸为研究对象，采用高通量测序技术，探究土壤细菌与土壤理化性质两者之间的变化规律，评价菌肥与粪肥配施对退化高寒草甸的修复效果，筛选三江源区高寒草甸恢复的适宜施肥方案. 结果表明：①微生物菌剂和羊板粪配施，土壤含水量（SWC）、有机质（SOM）、全氮（STN）、全磷（STP）和无机态氮（SIN）含量显著增加，Y1K2（羊板粪：1 500 kg·hm-2，菌剂：500 kg·hm-2）、Y2K1（羊板粪：3 000 kg·hm-2，菌剂：250 kg·hm-2）和Y3K1（羊板粪：6 000 kg·hm-2，菌剂：250 kg·hm-2）处理对土壤含水量和养分含量影响显著. ②12种养分添加处理中共有细菌19 341种，门水平下主要优势细菌群落为放线菌门（Actinobacteriota）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteriota）. 其中，Y3K1处理特有细菌数目最高，为885种. ③养分添加能适当增加土壤细菌群落OTU数目、Shannon 指数、Ace 指数、Chao1 指数和Pielou 指数，土壤细菌群落Simpson 指数明显降低. ④网络拓扑特性显示，养分添加后土壤细菌网络复杂程度上升，且网络以正相关关系为主，细菌网络在Y0K2（羊板粪：0 kg·hm-2，菌剂：500 kg·hm-2）处理边数最多（为1 106个）. ⑤冗余分析结果显示，不同处理中细菌群落结构与土壤电导率（SEC）呈现显著相关性（P<0.05），土壤细菌群落结构与植物群落特征和土壤理化特征在第Ⅰ和Ⅱ轴的解释率分别为55.37%和2.47%，土壤电导率是驱动高寒退化草地根际细菌群落的关键因子. ⑥功能预测结果显示，细菌群落好氧化能异养和化能异养功能具有明显优势. 综上，高寒草甸生态修复时微生物菌剂和羊板粪配施可提高土壤肥力和土壤细菌多样性，且以Y2K1处理效果更好，即每hm2施用羊板粪3 000 kg和微生物菌剂250 kg修复效果显著. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The Sanjiangyuan Region is an important ecological barrier in China. However， its alpine meadows have undergone intensified degradation due to climate warming and drying and human activities. Green and sustainable measures are urgently needed to restore the degraded meadow soil. A common measure for restoration is the use of fertilizers； however， the effects of bacterial fertilizer and manure on the physical and chemical properties of alpine meadow soil and rhizosphere bacterial communities have not yet been elucidated. To fill this knowledge gap， we analyzed the changes in soil bacteria and soil physical and chemical properties， evaluated the remediation effects of bacterial fertilizer in combination with manure on a moderately degraded alpine meadow in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Yellow River， and screened for a suitable fertilization scheme to restore the alpine meadows via high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that：① The contents of soil water， organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and inorganic nitrogen all increased significantly after fertilization with both bacterial fertilizer and sheep manure. The Y1K2 （sheep manure： 1 500 kg·hm-2， bacterial fertilizer： 500 kg·hm-2）， Y2K1 （sheep manure： 3 000 kg·hm-2， bacterial fertilizer： 250 kg·hm-2）， and Y3K1 （sheep manure： 6 000 kg·hm-2， bacterial fertilizer： 250 kg·hm-2） treatments all had significant effects on soil water content and nutrient content. ② In all 12 fertilization treatments， 19 341 bacterial species were detected， and bacterial communities at the phylum level were dominated by Actinobacteriota， Proteobacteria， and Acidobacteriota. Of these treatments， Y3K1 had the highest number of endemic bacteria at 885 species. ③ Fertilization appropriately increased the number of OTU， Shannon index， Ace index， Chao1 index， and Pielou index of the soil bacterial communities， but noticeably decreased the Simpson index. ④ Topologically， the soil bacterial network was characterized by increased complexity after nutrient supplementation， and the network was mainly positively correlated. It had the largest number of edges （1 106） in the Y0K2 treatment（sheep manure： 0 kg·hm-2， bacterial fertilizer： 500 kg·hm-2）. ⑤ A significant correlation existed between bacterial community structure and soil electrical conductivity （SEC） in all treatments （P<0.05）. The first and second axes reached 55.37% and 2.47%， respectively， in explaining the variations in soil bacterial community structure， plant community characteristics， and soil physical and chemical characteristics. SEC was identified as the key factor driving rhizosphere bacterial communities in the degraded alpine meadow. ⑥ According to the function prediction results， the bacterial communities had obvious advantages in aerobic heterotrophic and chemoheterotrophic functions. Thus， bacterial fertilizer in combination with sheep manure improved soil fertility and soil bacterial diversity， with the Y2K1 treatment being the most effective. Namely， a dosage of 3 000 kg sheep manure in combination with 250 kg bacterial fertilizer per hectare achieved the best restoration outcome. |
