| 金属矿区土壤重金属健康风险评估与影响因素分析 |
| 摘要点击 529 全文点击 29 投稿时间:2024-10-11 修订日期:2025-04-07 |
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| 中文关键词 金属矿区 重金属污染 健康风险评估 蒙特卡罗模拟 冗余分析(RDA) |
| 英文关键词 metal mining areas heavy metal pollution health risk assessment Monte Carlo simulation redundancy analysis(RDA) |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260256 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 于靖靖 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | huankeyuanyjj@163.com | | 李俊杰 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | | | 韩瑞冰 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | | | 杨宾 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | | | 陈娟 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | | | 张云慧 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | | | 李发生 | 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 杜平 | 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心, 北京 100012 | duping@craes.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 金属矿区的重金属污染已成为全球环境关注的焦点,严重威胁生态系统和人类健康. 基于2008~2022年期间收集的中国金属矿区土壤重金属数据,结合地累积指数(Igeo)、蒙特卡罗模拟和冗余分析(RDA)等方法,定量解析了重金属的污染特征、概率健康风险及其影响因素. 结果表明,土壤中ω(Cd)、 ω(Hg)、 ω(Pb)、 ω(As)、 ω(Zn)、 ω(Cu)、 ω(Ni)和ω(Cr)的平均值分别达到8.90、13.41、629.21、135.45、1 142.88、215.08、57.38和91.96 mg·kg-1,远显著高于区域背景值. Igeo评估显示,Cd、Hg和Pb的污染最为严重,分别有42%、26.76%和19.1%的样本达到重度至极度污染等级. 通过空间分布分析,发现南部矿区污染最为集中,污染水平自西南向东北逐渐降低. 健康风险评估表明,Cd、Hg、Pb和As对儿童的影响尤其显著,其致癌和非致癌风险均明显高于成年人. 通过蒙特卡罗模拟估算,儿童致癌风险超出1E-04的概率为83.66%,而成年女性和男性的超标概率分别为37.74%和31.76%. RDA揭示了经济活动和土壤理化性质(如pH、黏土含量、阳离子交换量等)是影响重金属分布的关键因素. 研究为金属矿区重金属污染的空间分布特征及其健康风险提供了定量依据,并为制定有效的污染控制和健康防护策略提供了科学支持. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Heavy metal pollution in metal mining areas has emerged as a critical global environmental issue, posing a substantial threat to ecosystems and human health. This study, based on heavy metal data from mining soils in China collected between 2008 and 2022, uses methods such as the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Monte Carlo simulation (MCS), and redundancy analysis (RDA) to quantitatively analyze the pollution characteristics, probabilistic health risks estimation, and influencing factors of heavy metals. The mean concentrations of Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in the soil reached 8.90, 13.41, 629.21, 135.45, 1 142.88, 215.08, 57.38, and 91.96 mg·kg-1, respectively, significantly exceeding regional background levels. Igeo assessments identified Cd, Hg, and Pb as the most severe pollutants, with 42%, 26.76%, and 19.1% of the samples classified as heavily to extremely polluted. Pollution was concentrated primarily in southern mining areas, with levels decreasing gradually from the southwest to the northeast. Health risk assessments (HRA) revealed that Cd, Hg, Pb, and As posed disproportionately higher risks to children compared to adults, with both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks significantly elevated. MCSs estimated the probability of children exceeding the carcinogenic risk threshold 1E-4 at 83.66%, while for adult women and men, the probabilities were 37.74% and 31.76%, respectively. RDA highlighted economic activities and soil physicochemical properties (e.g., pH, clay content, and cation exchange capacity) as the primary drivers of heavy metal distribution. These findings provide crucial quantitative evidence on the spatial distribution and health risks of heavy metal pollution in mining areas and support the development of targeted pollution control and health protection strategies. |