| 内蒙古高原张北县土壤重金属含量特征、风险评价及来源解析 |
| 摘要点击 487 全文点击 25 投稿时间：2024-12-16 修订日期：2025-03-16 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤 重金属 空间分布 来源解析 生态风险 |
| 英文关键词 soil heavy metals spatial distribution source apportionment ecological risk |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260253 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解坝上草原张北县土壤重金属污染现状及来源，采集张北县69件表层土壤、16件古风化壳土壤和35件岩石样品，测试分析Cd、Pb、Hg、Zn、Cu、As、Cr和Ni 这8种重金属含量. 采用富集因子法和潜在生态风险指数法开展了重金属富集特征与生态风险评价，并结合多元统计分析、正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型对土壤重金属进行来源解析. 结果表明：研究区土壤8 种重金属元素含量平均值均低于农用地土壤污染风险筛选值与河北省表层土壤含量平均值. 各重金属仅Cd呈轻微富集，其余重金属元素整体无富集. 单指标潜在生态风险由高到低排序为：Cd>Hg>Pb>As>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr，潜在生态风险综合指数结果显示研究区以轻微生态风险等级为主，仅有2处样本达到中度风险水平，主要贡献因子为Cd和Hg. 多元统计分析与PMF模型来源解析结果表明，研究区土壤重金属主要由成土母岩风化控制，其中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn和Cd高值区主要受玄武岩母岩控制，Pb和As高值区主要受碎屑岩、花岗岩等母岩控制，Hg为燃煤、大气降尘和母岩风化等多种因素的复合污染源，As、Cr、Pb和Zn还受工农业活动、交通运输和生活垃圾等的影响. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to study the current situation and sources of heavy metal pollution in Zhangbei County， Bashang Grassland， 69 surface soil samples， 16 ancient weathering crust soil samples， and 35 rock samples were collected to test and analyze the contents of eight heavy metals such as Cd， Pb， Hg， Zn， Cu， As， Cr， and Ni. The enrichment factor method and potential ecological risk index method were used to study the characteristics of heavy metal enrichment and ecological risk assessment. Multivariate statistical analysis and the positive matrix factorization （PMF） model were combined to analyze the sources of heavy metals in the soil. The results showed that the average content of eight heavy metal elements in the soil of the study area was lower than the screening value for soil pollution risk in agricultural land and the average content of surface soil in Hebei Province. Only Cd showed slight enrichment in heavy metals， while the rest of the heavy metal elements were not enriched overall. The potential ecological risks of a single indicator were ranked from high to low as follows： Cd>Hg>Pb>As>Ni>Cu>Zn>Cr. The comprehensive index of potential ecological risks showed that the study area was mainly mild， with only two samples reaching a moderate risk level， and the main contributing factors were Cd and Hg. The results of multivariate statistical analysis and PMF model source analysis indicated that heavy metals in the soil of the study area were mainly controlled by the weathering of the parent rock. The high-value areas of Cr， Ni， Cu， Zn， and Cd were mainly controlled by the basalt parent rock， while the high-value areas of Pb and As were mainly controlled by parent rocks such as detrital rocks and granite. Hg was a composite pollution source of multiple factors such as coal burning， atmospheric dust deposition， and parent rock weathering. As， Cr， Pb， and Zn were also affected by industrial activities， agricultural activities， transportation， and household waste. |
