| 2005~2023年通州区土壤重金属累积特征变化及主成分时空识别 |
| 摘要点击 418 全文点击 20 投稿时间：2025-01-05 修订日期：2025-03-24 |
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| 中文关键词 生态 重金属 累积特征 源识别 贡献率 |
| 英文关键词 ecology heavy metals accumulation characteristics source identification contribution rate |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260252 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为强化土壤环境质量监测服务对北京城市副中心国土空间规划和生态文明可持续发展的技术支撑作用，系统研究了通州区近20 a土壤重金属污染状态和来源的变化. 利用反距离加权空间插值、地累积指数、单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数等方法，对2005~2023年通州区土壤中的8种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn）空间分布状态和累积特征进行了分节点评价；采用相关性分析、主成分分析（PCA）和正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）等方法对重金属的主成分和源贡献率进行了识别. 结果表明，2005年、2011年、2018年和2023年4个年份的Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn元素含量变化较小，Cd、Hg和Zn元素含量的中位值高于北京市背景值，Cd和Hg在表层土壤中的含量显著高于深层，Cd富集点位占比呈逐年下降的趋势，Hg呈现较强的分异特征. 2005~2011年Cd、Hg、Cu和Pb等元素在工业源、焚烧源和交通排放强度较大的区域形成高富集；2018年Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb等元素含量高值主要分布在研究区中、东部农用地内；对比2005年，2023年时Cd、Hg、Cu、Pb和Zn元素富集范围显著缩小. 2005年As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn等元素主要来自自然/农业混合源，2011年几项元素主要来自自然/交通/农业混合源；2005年和2011年Cd主要来自工业源；2018年和2023年As、Cr、Cu、Ni和Pb主要来自于自然/交通/农业混合源，Cd和Zn主要来自工业源，4个年份的土壤Hg均来自大气沉降源. 土地利用强度、农业施肥用量、交通排放强度、排污工业企业规模、能源燃烧排放量和大气污染水平等是影响源贡献率变化的主要因素. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To enhance the technical support of soil environmental quality monitoring services for territorial spatial planning and the sustainable development of ecological civilization in the Beijing Municipal Administrative Center， this study systematically investigated the changes in heavy metal contamination status and sources in the soils of Tongzhou District over the past two decades. Using inverse distance weighted （IDW） spatial interpolation， the geo-accumulation index， the single-factor pollution index， and the Nemerow comprehensive pollution index， this study conducted a sectional evaluation of the spatial distribution and accumulation characteristics of eight heavy metal elements （As， Cd， Cr， Cu， Hg， Ni， Pb， and Zn） in the soils of Tongzhou District from 2005 to 2023. Correlation analysis， principal component analysis （PCA）， and the positive matrix factorization （PMF） model were employed to identify the principal components and source contributions of heavy metals. The results showed that the concentrations of Cr， Cu， Ni， Pb， and Zn exhibited minimal variation across the four selected years （2005， 2011， 2018， and 2023）， while the median values of Cd， Hg， and Zn exceeded the background values of Beijing. The concentrations of Cd and Hg in top soil were significantly higher than those in deeper layers， with the proportion of Cd enriched sites showing a decreasing trend over the years， whereas Hg exhibited strong spatial heterogeneity. From 2005 to 2011， Cd， Hg， Cu， and Pb were highly enriched in areas with intense industrial activities， incineration sources， and traffic emissions. In 2018， high concentrations of Cd， Zn， Cu， and Pb were primarily distributed in the central and eastern agricultural lands of the study area. Compared to that in 2005， the enrichment extent of Cd， Hg， Cu， Pb， and Zn in 2023 was significantly reduced. In 2005， As， Cr， Cu， Ni， Pb， and Zn mainly originated from natural/agricultural mixed sources， while in 2011， these elements were primarily derived from natural， traffic， and agricultural mixed sources. Cd was mainly associated with industrial sources in both 2005 and 2011. In 2018 and 2023， As， Cr， Cu， Ni， and Pb were predominantly attributed to natural， traffic， and agricultural mixed sources， whereas Cd and Zn were mainly from industrial sources. Hg in soil across all four years was primarily derived from atmospheric deposition. Key factors influencing variations in source contributions included land development intensity， agricultural fertilization rates， traffic emissions， the scale of industrial pollution enterprises， energy combustion emissions， and overall atmospheric pollution levels. |
