| 土壤钝化-叶面阻控联合体系对小麦籽粒降Cd效应及作用机制 |
| 摘要点击 416 全文点击 15 投稿时间：2025-01-11 修订日期：2025-03-21 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 叶面阻控剂 降Cd技术措施 根际微生物组 土壤Cd有效性 石灰性土壤 |
| 英文关键词 biochar foliar inhibitors reducing Cd technical measures rhizo-microbiota soil Cd bioavailability calcareous soil |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260250 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 杨贵阳 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | 2765447538@qq.com | | 温庆喜 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | | | 吴彤 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | | | 李鼎豪 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | | | 耿丽平 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | | | 韩丁 | 河北省农业环境保护监测总站, 石家庄 050035 | | | 赵全利 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | | | 吴鸿斌 | 河北省农业环境保护监测总站, 石家庄 050035 | | | 薛培英 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | | | 刘文菊 | 河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室, 河北省农田生态环境重点实验室, 保定 071000 | Liuwj@hebau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了探明Cd污染耕地小麦籽粒降Cd的有效途径，以长期污灌造成Cd污染的石灰性土壤为研究对象，采用生物模拟试验法，选用3种土壤钝化剂（杏壳生物炭、农林废弃物生物炭和农林废弃物+钢渣生物炭）与3种叶面阻控剂（EDTA-Zn、氨基酸活力18和含Si叶面肥）构建了9种土壤钝化-叶面阻控联合降Cd体系（T1~T9），探究了9种联合体系对土壤-小麦体系中Cd迁移和累积的影响及作用机制. 结果表明，与CK相比，联合体系对小麦籽粒Cd含量和累积量的降幅顺序由高到低分别为T1、T3、T2、T4、T8和T1、T2、T4、T8、T3、T7，而T5、T6和T9处理对小麦籽粒Cd含量和累积量均无显著影响，其中杏壳生物炭与EDTA-Zn组成的联合降Cd体系T1对小麦籽粒Cd含量和累积量的降低幅度最大，分别为51.06%和51.79%；同时解析了T1高效降Cd作用机制：施用杏壳生物炭（BC1）后根际土壤可交换态Cd（F1-Cd）占比与酸杆菌门RB41属相对丰度呈极著正相关，而与变形菌门的Sphingomonas属相对丰度呈极显著负相关，并且降低了菌属RB41相对丰度而增加了菌属Sphingomonas相对丰度；同时，BC1处理根际土壤pH升高使F1-Cd显著降低14.17%，碳酸盐结合态Cd和铁锰结合态Cd分别增加了10.41%和11.00%，小麦根部Cd含量和富集系数显著降低了52.04%和49.99%；叶面喷施EDTA-Zn显著降低了小麦Cd从茎叶到穗轴（成熟期）和颖壳到籽粒（灌浆期）的转运系数，降幅分别为45.45%和31.29%，最终降低了籽粒中Cd含量和累积量；综上所述，在中度Cd污染农田中，基施杏壳生物炭和叶面喷施EDTA-Zn的联合体系可有效减低小麦籽粒中Cd累积，可为华北石灰性土壤地区小麦安全生产和受Cd污染耕地安全利用提供了有效技术措施. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to explore effective pathways for reducing Cd accumulation in wheat grains from Cd-contaminated farmland， a pot experiment was conducted in calcareous soil contaminated by long-term sewage irrigation to explore the mechanism and effects of the systems of soil immobilization-foliar inhibition on Cd transport and accumulation in soil-wheat plants. The systems of T1-T9 were composed of three types of soil passivators （apricot kernel biochar， agricultural and forestry waste biochar， and agricultural and forestry waste + steel slag biochar） and three types of foliar inhibitors （EDTA-Zn， Vitality 18 with amino acid， and Si-containing foliar fertilizer）. The results showed that T1， T3， T2， T4， and T8 significantly reduced Cd concentrations in wheat grains following the decreasing trend， and T1， T2， T4， T8， T3， and T7 likewise notably alleviated Cd accumulation in the grains according to the rank of decrease， whereas T5， T6， and T9 did not significantly impact grain-Cd and Cd accumulation in grain compared with that in CK. Meanwhile， the system of apricot kernel biochar and EDTA-Zn （T1） reduced the concentration and accumulation of Cd in wheat grains maximally， with reductions of 51.06% and 51.79%， respectively. Additionally， the mechanism of T1 alleviating Cd accumulation in wheat grains was clarified. The application of apricot kernel biochar （BC1） resulted in a significantly positive correlation between the proportion of changeable Cd （F1-Cd） and the relative abundance of RB41 （belonging to Acidobacteria） and negative relationship between the F1-Cd proportion and the relative abundance of Sphingomonas （belonging to Proteobacteria） in the rhizosphere soil. Furthermore， BC1 addition dramatically decreased the relative abundance of genus RB41 by 47.01% and increased the relative abundance of genus Sphingomonas by 10.71%， which increased soil pH and reduced the proportion of F1-Cd by 14.17% and accordingly enlarged the proportions of carbonate-bound Cd and iron-manganese-bound Cd by 10.41% and 11.00%， respectively. Additionally， T1 decreased root-Cd and Cd bio-accumulation factor of roots by 52.04% and 49.99%， respectively. Foliar application of EDTA-Zn during the grain-filling stage significantly reduced the Cd translocation factor from stem-leaf to rachis （at maturity） and from glume to grain （during grain-filling stage） by 45.45% and 31.29%， respectively. Finally， T1 significantly alleviated grain-Cd and Cd accumulation in wheat grains. In summary， the better pathway for effectively reducing Cd accumulation in wheat grains consists of applying apricot kernel biochar before sowing and foliar spraying of EDTA-Zn during the grain-filling stage in moderate Cd-contaminated farmland. These findings provide an effective and technical pathway for ensuring wheat grain safety production and guaranteeing safety utilization of Cd-contaminated agricultural land in the calcareous soil of North China. |
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