| PE和PLA微塑料对扎龙湿地沉积物氮磷元素的影响 |
| 摘要点击 455 全文点击 25 投稿时间：2025-01-06 修订日期：2025-03-20 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 铵态氮 硝态氮 有机磷 无机磷 沉积物 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） ammonium nitrogen nitrate nitrogen organophosphorus inorganic phosphorus sediment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260243 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 扎龙湿地是国际重要湿地，湿地沉积物是淡水生态系统中微塑料和氮磷等营养元素的“汇”，而微塑料对环境存在较大影响风险. 为探讨不同种类及丰度的微塑料对扎龙湿地沉积物氮磷元素的影响，通过设置CK（未添加微塑料）、PE2（2%聚乙烯微塑料）、PE5（5%聚乙烯微塑料）、PE10（10%聚乙烯微塑料）、PLA2（2%聚乳酸微塑料）、PLA5（5%聚乳酸微塑料）和PLA10（10%聚乳酸微塑料）共7个试验组，进行为期7、15及30 d的培养试验，测定扎龙湿地沉积物总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷、有机磷和无机磷等指标. 结果表明，添加微塑料显著降低了扎龙湿地沉积物pH（P<0.05），其中沉积物pH均随PE和PLA微塑料丰度的增加而降低，且对PLA微塑料响应更强烈；与空白对照组相比，微塑料处理组降低了扎龙湿地沉积物铵态氮含量，增加了沉积物硝态氮含量，在PLA微塑料处理组沉积物铵态氮含量降低幅度最大，为30.1%~50.5%，铵态氮和硝态氮含量分别与微塑料丰度呈显著负相关（P<0.001）和显著正相关（P<0.05）；微塑料的添加使扎龙湿地沉积物有机磷显著降低（P<0.05），无机磷显著增加（P<0.05）；另外，试验分析得出PE塑料的添加主要通过改变沉积物pH，进而影响了硝化作用和有机磷矿化作用；PLA微塑料对扎龙湿地沉积物氮素、磷素的影响主要与其含量有关. 研究结果为扎龙湿地的微塑料污染防治和保护修复工作提供基础资料，以及为微塑料对湿地沉积物中氮磷的影响提供了相关参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Wetland sediments are the “sinks” of microplastics， nitrogen， phosphorus， and other nutrient elements in freshwater ecosystems， while microplastics have a great impact on the environment. To explore the effects of different types and contents of microplastics on nitrogen and phosphorus elements in the sediments of Zhalong wetland， an internationally important wetland， a total of seven experimental groups were set up， including CK （without microplastic addition）， PE2 （2% polyethylene microplastics）， PE5 （5% polyethylene microplastics）， PE10 （10% polyethylene microplastics）， PLA2 （2% polylactic acid microplastics）， PLA5 （5% polylactic acid microplastics）， and PLA10 （10% polylactic acid microplastics）. Culture experiments were conducted for 7， 15， and 30 days to determine total nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen， nitrate nitrogen， total phosphorus， organic phosphorus， and inorganic phosphorus in Zhalong wetland sediments. The results showed that the addition of microplastics significantly decreased the pH of Zhalong wetland sediments （P<0.05）， in which the pH of sediments decreased with the increase in PE and PLA microplastics contents， and the response to PLA microplastics was stronger. Compared with that in the blank control group， the microplastic treatment group decreased the ammonium nitrogen content and increased the nitrate nitrogen content in the sediments of Zhalong wetland， and the ammonium nitrogen content in the sediments of the PLA microplastic treatment group decreased the most， ranging from 30.1%-50.5%. The contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were negatively correlated with the content of microplastics （P<0.001） and positively correlated with the content of microplastics （P<0.05）. The addition of microplastics significantly decreased organophosphate （P<0.05） and increased inorganic phosphorus （P<0.05） in Zhalong wetland sediments. In addition， the experimental analysis showed that the addition of PE plastic mainly affected the nitration and organic phosphate mineralization by changing the pH of the sediment. The effects of PLA microplastics on nitrogen and phosphorus in Zhalong wetland sediments were mainly related to their contents. The results of this study provide basic data for the prevention and control of microplastic pollution and the protection and restoration of Zhalong wetland， as well as provide relevant references for the effects of microplastics on nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland sediments. |
