| 河套灌区地表水与地下水中微塑料的污染特征、来源及风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 461 全文点击 27 投稿时间：2024-12-08 修订日期：2025-03-18 |
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| 中文关键词 河套灌区 微塑料（MPs） 水 来源 风险 |
| 英文关键词 Hetao Irrigation Area microplastics（MPs） water source risk |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260242 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 邓梓懿 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | 1115136141@qq.com | | 刘琳 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 白艺涵 | 香港大学工程学院, 香港 999077 | | | 闫亮 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 廖思远 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 吴冕 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081
青岛农业大学资源与环境学院, 青岛 266109 | | | 罗永丽 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 赵高峰 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | zhaogaofeng@caas.cn | | 孙喜梦 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | | | 蒲玥 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所, 北京 100081 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 河套灌区是我国重要的商品粮基地，灌区已有30 a以上的规模化农膜使用历史，由此导致的微塑料污染已引起广泛关注. 为探究河套灌区地表水与地下水中微塑料的污染特征、来源及其风险，采集内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市五原县内各排干、总排干的地表水样品及地下水样品. 采用管式炉裂解-热脱附-气相色谱质谱法（Py-TD-GC/MS）测定聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚苯乙烯（PS）共5种微塑料的质量浓度. 研究结果表明，地表水微塑料质量浓度范围为ND~317.1 μg·L-1，呈现出PVC>PE>PET>PP>PS的质量浓度变化趋势，其中PVC和PE是优势微塑料种类，质量浓度均显著高于PP与PS（P<0.05），地下水中微塑料质量浓度范围为ND~44.8 μg·L-1，呈现出PE>PVC>PET>PP>PS的质量浓度变化趋势，且排干地下水中微塑料的质量浓度显著低于地表水（P<0.05）；采用层级聚类法和Spearman相关分析对地表水和地下水中微塑料的来源进行解析. 结果表明，农膜是研究区域水样品中微塑料的主要来源，地表水的水流携带微塑料入渗是地下水微塑料的潜在来源；采用污染负荷指数（PLI）评估河套灌区水环境微塑料的污染水平，采用聚合物风险指数（PHI）评估河套灌区水环境微塑料的潜在风险. PLI结果表明研究区地表水与地下水处于低污染水平，秋灌期因大水漫灌导致研究区排干水量增大，稀释了地表水与地下水中微塑料的质量浓度；PHI结果表明PVC的潜在风险最大. 研究成果可为河套灌区微塑料的防控与治理提供研究基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The Hetao Irrigation Area is an important commodity grain base in China. The irrigated area has already had a history of large-scale agricultural film use for more than 30 years， resulting in microplastic pollution that has aroused wide concern. This study collected surface water samples in the all-drainage channel and main drainage channel and groundwater samples in Wuyuan County， Bayannaoer City， Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to investigate the pollution characteristics， sources， and risks of microplastics in surface water and groundwater in the Hetao Irrigation Area. The concentration of five types of microplastics， including polyvinyl chloride （PVC）， polyethylene （PE）， polyethylene terephthalate （PET）， polypropylene （PP）， and polystyrene （PS）， were determined by the tube furnace pyrolysis-thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （Py-TD GC/MS） method. The results of the study showed that the concentration of microplastics in drained surface water ranged from ND to 317.1 μg·L-1， showing the concentration trend of PVC>PE>PET>PP>PS， of which PVC and PE were the dominant microplastic species， with concentrations significantly higher than those of PP and PS （P<0.05）. The concentration of microplastics in groundwater ranged from ND to 44.8 μg·L-1， showing a concentration trend of PE>PVC>PET>PP>PS， and the concentration of microplastics in drained surface water was significantly higher than that in groundwater （P<0.05）. Hierarchical clustering and Spearman's correlation coefficient methods were used to analyze the sources of microplastics in drained surface water and groundwater. The results showed that agricultural films were the main source of microplastics in water samples from the study area and that infiltration of microplastics carried by water flow from surface water was a potential source of microplastics in groundwater. The pollution load index （PLI） was used to evaluate the pollution level of microplastics， and the polymer hazard index （PHI） was used to evaluate the potential risk of microplastics in the water environment of the Hetao Irrigation Area. The PLI value indicated that the microplastics in the surface and groundwater in the study area were at a low level of contamination and that the increase in the amount of water discharged from the study area in the autumn irrigation period due to the flooding of the area diluted the microplastics in surface and groundwater. The PHI value indicated that PVC was the most potentially hazardous. The PHI value indicated that PVC had the highest potential risk. The results of this study can provide a research basis for the prevention， control， and management of microplastics in the Hetao Irrigation Area. |
