| 密云水库水体微塑料的垂向分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 500 全文点击 31 投稿时间：2024-12-30 修订日期：2025-04-02 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 饮用水水源地 汛期 非汛期 垂向分布 风险评估 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics （MPs） drinking water sources flood season non-flood season vertical distribution risk assessment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260241 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 目前，关于多时间尺度条件下水深较大的饮用水水源地水体中微塑料垂向分布特征的研究较为缺乏. 为阐明北京市重要地表饮用水水源地密云水库水体中微塑料的垂向分布特征，分别于汛期和非汛期对不同点位表、中、底层水体进行采样，调查了微塑料的丰度、形态及组成特征，并分析了微塑料垂向分布的时空异质性. 结果表明，密云水库水体中微塑料丰度为0.4~7.6 n·L-1，平均丰度为（2.7±1.6）n·L-1. 潮河库区微塑料平均丰度高于白河库区，白河入库口中、底层水体微塑料丰度明显高于表层水体，而潮河入库口则为表层水体最高. 汛期微塑料平均丰度显著高于非汛期，相较于汛期，非汛期微塑料尺寸更大、颜色更丰富，纤维和碎片占比较高. 在垂向分布特征上，纤维状微塑料在各水层中均占优势，汛期其主要聚集于表层和底层水体，而非汛期则在不同水层中相对均匀. 小于0.5 mm的微塑料在汛期中层水体中积累，在非汛期向更深层迁移. 密云水库微塑料类型主要为聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚乙烯（PE）和聚丙烯（PP）. PET主要存在于表层和底层水体，PE主要在中、底层水体积累，而PP则集聚在表、中层水体. 生态风险及暴露水平评估结果均显示，密云水库微塑料的污染风险和暴露水平较低. |
| 英文摘要 |
| There are sparse reports on the vertical distribution characteristics of microplastics in drinking water sources with large water depths. To elucidate the vertical distribution characteristics of microplastics in the water of Miyun Reservoir， an important surface drinking water source in Beijing， a sampling campaign was conducted for surface， intermediate， and bottom water at different sites in both the flood and non-flood seasons. The abundance， morphology， and compositional characteristics of microplastics were investigated， and the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of microplastics was analyzed. The results showed that the abundance of microplastics in the water of Miyun Reservoir ranged from 0.4 to 7.6 n·L-1， with an average abundance of （2.7±1.6） n·L-1. The average abundance of microplastics in the Chaohe River reservoir area was higher than that in the Baihe River reservoir area. At the Baihe River inlet， microplastic abundance in the intermediate and bottom water layers was significantly higher than that in the surface water layer， whereas the Chaohe River inlet exhibited the highest abundance in the surface layer. Microplastic abundance was significantly higher during the flood season. Microplastic particles in the non-flood season were larger， more colorful， and comprised higher proportions of fibers and debris than those in the flood season. Vertically， fibers dominated all water layers， aggregating mainly in the surface and bottom water layers during flood season but were homogeneously distributed during the non-flood season. Microplastics smaller than 0.5 mm accumulated in the intermediate water during the flood season and migrated down to the bottom of the water column during the non-flood season. Polyethylene terephthalate （PET）， polyethylene （PE）， and polypropylene （PP） were the dominant microplastic types in Miyun Reservoir. PET mainly presented in the surface and bottom water layers， PE accumulated in the intermediate and bottom water layers， and PP clustered in the surface and intermediate water layers. The results of the ecological risk and exposure level assessment indicated that both the abundance risk level and exposure level of microplastics in Miyun Reservoir were low. |
