| 2001~2021年河南省农业面源污染时空分布特征及来源分析 |
| 摘要点击 441 全文点击 29 投稿时间：2025-01-13 修订日期：2025-04-11 |
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| 中文关键词 面源污染 污染负荷 排放强度 时空分布 河南省 |
| 英文关键词 non-point source pollution pollution load emission intensity spatial and temporal distribution Henan Province |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260238 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 农业面源污染是我国水体污染物的主要来源，是威胁水环境和水生态安全的重要因素之一. 采用清单分析法估算2001~2021年河南省农业面源化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）污染负荷，并阐明了农业面源污染负荷和排放强度的时空分布特征及污染负荷的主要来源. 结果表明：①时间变化上，2001~2021年河南省农业面源COD和TN的污染负荷和排放强度均呈现降低趋势，TP的污染负荷和排放强度呈现增加趋势. ②空间分布上，COD、TN和TP污染负荷空间分布呈现空间集聚特征，高值区主要分布在河南省南部（南阳、驻马店和信阳）以及东部（商丘和周口），而排放强度空间分布的区域差异显著，总体上呈现东部高于西部、北部高于南部的空间格局，污染负荷和排放强度的高值区在空间分布格局上差异显著. ③COD污染负荷的主要来源是畜禽养殖，TN和TP污染负荷的主要来源是化肥和畜禽养殖. 南阳、驻马店和周口是COD、TN和TP污染负荷的主要贡献区域. 总体而言，河南省农业面源污染时间上存在阶段性变化特征，空间分布上差异显著，在污染风险防控时需实施“负荷控制-强度约束”双控策略，重点推进化肥减量增效、粪便有机肥料化以及秸秆资源化利用等污染减排路径. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Henan Province is one of the major grain producing areas in China， and the irrational application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers during the grain production process has led to the continual accentuation of the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution. Agricultural non-point source pollution is the major source of pollutants in China's water bodies， which has become one of the main factors threatening the water environment and water ecological security. Inventory analysis was used to estimate the pollution load of chemical oxygen demand （COD）， total nitrogen （TN）， and total phosphorus （TP） from agricultural non-point source in Henan Province from 2001 to 2021. The study elucidated the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of these pollution loads and their emission intensities. It also identified the main sources contributing to the pollution load. The results indicated that： ① In terms of temporal variation， from 2001 to 2021， the pollution load and emission intensity of COD and TN from agricultural non-point source in Henan Province showed a decreasing trend， while the pollution load and emission intensity of TP showed an increasing trend. ② The spatial distribution of COD， TN， and TP pollution loads exhibited spatial clustering characteristics， and the high value areas were mainly distributed in the southern part （Nanyang， Zhumadian， and Xinyang） and eastern part （Shangqiu and Zhoukou） of Henan Province. Nevertheless， there were substantial regional disparities in the spatial distribution of emission intensity. Generally， the eastern region had higher values than the western region， and the northern region had higher values than the southern region. Notably， the spatial distribution patterns of high value areas of pollution load and emission intensity revealed significant differences. ③ The main source of COD pollution load was livestock and poultry farming， and the main sources of TN and TP pollution loads were chemical fertilizer and livestock and poultry farming. The main contributing areas for COD， TN， and TP pollution loads were Nanyang， Zhumadian， and Zhoukou. In general， the agricultural non-point source pollution in Henan Province had staged changes in time and significant differences in spatial distribution. Dual control strategies of "load control-intensity constraint" should be implemented in pollution risk prevention and control， and pollution reduction paths such as fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase， manure organic fertilizer utilization， and straw resource utilization should be promoted. |
