| 黄河流域地下饮用水源地中重金属时空变化与概率健康风险 |
| 摘要点击 503 全文点击 31 投稿时间：2024-12-30 修订日期：2025-03-27 |
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| 中文关键词 黄河流域 重金属 地下水 饮用水源地 相关性分析 概率健康风险 源解析 |
| 英文关键词 Yellow River Basin heavy metals groundwater drinking water sources correlation analysis probabilistic health risk source identification |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20260236 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 黄河是中国重要的水源，地下水重金属污染水平广受关注. 对2018~2022年黄河流域152个地下饮用水源地水体中6种金属（Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Fe和Mn）的时空变化、污染水平和来源进行分析，评估重金属暴露产生的人体健康风险，以期为地下水污染治理和健康风险管理提供科学依据. 结果表明，Fe、Mn和As超标率分别为0.62%、2.17%和0.17%；水化学参数SO42-、Cl-、氨氮（以N计）和F-超标率分别为0.56%、0.06%、0.16%和0.33%. 黄河流域水源中金属存在明显空间分布差异，Fe和Mn的浓度平均值呈上游高下游低的趋势，As的浓度平均值在中游较高，Cu、Zn和Pb的浓度平均值在下游较高. 重金属污染指数（HPI）评价结果表明，91.89%和4.20%的监测数据分别处于低污染和中度污染水平. 主成分分析表明，黄河流域地下水中的Fe、Mn和As主要受到矿物氧化、水岩相互作用等自然因素影响，其次是人类活动；而Cu、Zn和Pb主要受工业、交通和农业活动等人为因子的影响. 相关性分析表明，水化学参数氨氮（以N计）和Cl-与重金属Mn、Fe和As的迁移转化有关联. 健康风险评估结果表明，重金属对人体不存在潜在的非致癌风险和致癌风险，但是在极端条件下，As的非致癌风险值（HQ）和致癌风险值（CR）在不同年龄段均存在超标情况，且As对3个年龄段致癌风险贡献率都达到了84%以上. 因此，建议通过强化源头管控、预防治理等措施来改善地下型饮用水源水质，并加强对As的风险防控以降低其对人体健康的风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The Yellow River Basin is an important water source in China， and heavy metal contamination in groundwater of the Yellew River Basin has achieved significant attention. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations， pollution levels， and sources of six heavy metals （Fe， Mn， As， Cu， Zn， and Pb） in 152 groundwater drinking water sources in the Yellow River Basin from 2018 to 2022 and assessed human health risks，which provided a scientific basis for groundwater pollution management and health risk management. The results showed that the over-standard rates of Fe， Mn， As， Cl-， ammonia nitrogen， and F- were 0.62%， 2.17%， 0.17%， 0.56%， 0.06%， 0.16%， and 0.33%， respectively. The average concentrations of Fe and Mn generally decreased from upstream to downstream； As peaked in the midstream； while Cu， Zn， and Pb were highest downstream. The heavy metal pollution index （HPI） indicated that 91.89% and 4.20% of the monitored data were at low and moderate pollution levels， respectively. Principal component analysis showed that Fe， Mn， and As in groundwater in the Yellow River Basin were mainly affected by natural factors， such as mineral oxidation and water-rock interaction， followed by human activities. Cu， Zn， and Pb were mainly affected by human factors， such as industrial， transportation， and agricultural activities. Correlation analysis showed that hydrochemical parameters ammonia nitrogen and Cl- were associated with the migration and transformation of Mn， Fe， and As. The health risk assessment results showed that heavy metals had no significant potential non-carcinogenic risk or carcinogenic risk to human body， but under extreme conditions， both the non-carcinogenic risk value （HQ） and carcinogenic risk value （CR） of As exceeded the standard values in different age groups， and As contributed more than 84% to total CR in three age groups. Therefore， it is recommended to improve the quality of groundwater drinking water sources by strengthening the source control measures and preventive measures and to strengthen the risk prevention and control of As to reduce its risk to human health. |
