| 生物滞留系统中微塑料的去除机制及其富集对系统处理营养物质的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1750 全文点击 49 投稿时间：2024-12-23 修订日期：2025-03-06 |
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| 中文关键词 生物滞留系统 微塑料（MPs） 地表径流 营养物质 去除机制 富集 |
| 英文关键词 bioretention systems microplastics（MPs） surface runoff nutrients removal mechanisms enrichment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202412251 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 雨水会将道路粉尘中沉积的或空气中漂浮的微塑料冲刷进入城市管网，再排入河流、湖泊和海洋，这直接威胁到生态系统和人类健康，亟需针对径流中的微塑料开展控制措施. 生物滞留系统作为低影响开发措施之一，可以通过其土壤介质的吸附和过滤、植物的吸收和微生物的降解等基于自然的方式去除径流中包括微塑料在内的各类污染物，具有良好的微塑料治理效果. 然而，由于微塑料比表面积大且不易降解导致大部分微塑料会在系统内滞留和富集，同时易于与其它污染物形成复合污染进而阻碍生物滞留系统对于营养物质的去除. 基于对国内外生物滞留系统研究成果的全面分析，归纳总结了生物滞留系统的微塑料去除过程，并进一步探讨了微塑料富集对生物滞留系统处理营养物质的影响. 结果表明，微塑料富集改变了生物滞留系统土壤介质理化性质、阻碍系统植物生长发育、抑制系统处理营养物质过程中相关酶和微生物的丰度和活性，系统中以生物降解过程为主的溶解氮去除受到较大影响. 研究结果可为微塑料治理方式和生物滞留系统性能优化提供科学参考，同时指出未来研究可以从微塑料去除方法、微塑料老化机制和系统数值模拟等方面开展. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Stormwater washes microplastics deposited on road dust or floating in the air into urban pipeline networks and then into rivers， lakes， and oceans， which is a direct threat to ecosystems and human health. Therefore， there is an urgent need to implement control measures for microplastics in runoff. As one of the low-impact development strategies， bioretention systems can remove various pollutants， including microplastics， from runoff through natural processes such as adsorption and filtration by soil media， absorption by plants， and biodegradation by microorganisms， demonstrating effective microplastic management. However， due to their large specific surface area and resistance to degradation， most microplastics tend to accumulate within these systems， easily forming composite pollution with other contaminants， which hinders the removal of nutrients by bioretention systems. Based on a comprehensive analysis of domestic and international research on bioretention systems， this study summarizes the microplastic removal processes within bioretention systems and further explores the impact of microplastic accumulation on the nutrient treatment capabilities of these systems. The results indicated that microplastic accumulation altered the physicochemical properties of the soil media in bioretention systems， impeded plant growth and development， and inhibited the abundance and activity of relevant enzymes and microorganisms involved in nutrient processing. Notably， the removal of dissolved nitrogen， which primarily occurs through biodegradation processes in these systems， was significantly affected. The findings of this study provide scientific insights for microplastic management and the optimization of bioretention system performance. It also highlights future research directions， including the microplastic removal method， microplastic ageing mechanism， system numerical simulation， and so on. |
