| 多尺度景观格局变化对北江流域土壤侵蚀风险的影响分析 |
| 摘要点击 1561 全文点击 63 投稿时间：2024-12-15 修订日期：2025-03-12 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 空间多尺度 土壤侵蚀 景观格局 北江流域 地理探测器 时空地理加权回归 |
| 英文关键词 spatial multi-scale soil erosion landscape pattern Beijiang River Basin Geodetector geographically and temporally weighted regression |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202412159 |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤侵蚀已成为日益严峻的生态环境问题，全面理解不同空间尺度下流域土壤侵蚀的高风险区域和主要影响因素，对于制定有效的土壤侵蚀防治策略和优化土地资源利用具有重要科学意义. 景观格局作为土壤侵蚀的关键因素，其在不同空间尺度上的变化对土壤侵蚀的影响尚缺乏定量分析. 以北江流域为例，探讨了2000~2020年景观格局与土壤侵蚀的时空演变特征，并采用地理探测器和时空地理加权回归分析了不同空间尺度下土壤侵蚀的驱动机制. 结果表明：①北江流域西北部土壤侵蚀显著增加，2000~2020年中度、严重及极严重侵蚀面积比例为40%，主要受高程和降水影响；而北部和中部的侵蚀风险则有所减缓，主要归因于植被恢复与水土保持措施的实施；②过去20 a，北江流域景观格局呈现破碎化趋势，破碎化程度增加了12%，主要集中在流域东北部与南部；③北江流域的景观破碎化与植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀的交互效应在流域尺度与县级尺度上最为显著，交互效应系数分别为0.634和0.768，表明植被覆盖有助于减缓破碎化带来的侵蚀风险；④土壤侵蚀的驱动因子在不同空间尺度下表现出显著的空间异质性，随着尺度细化，地形、景观格局和植被覆盖度对侵蚀的影响逐渐加剧. 具体而言，在流域尺度上，景观破碎化与植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀的交互作用强度分别为0.634和0.515，而在乡镇尺度上，地表温度与植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀的交互作用最为显著，交互效应系数为0.516，特别是在人类活动密度区，气候因子与植被的协同作用加剧了土壤侵蚀风险. 研究结果揭示了北江流域不同尺度下土壤侵蚀的高风险区域和重要驱动因素，可为不同尺度下区域水土保持和景观优化管理提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil erosion has become an increasingly serious environmental problem. A comprehensive understanding of high-risk areas and key drivers of soil erosion at different spatial scales is critical for developing effective soil erosion control strategies and optimizing land resource use. As a key factor influencing soil erosion， the impact of landscape patterns on soil erosion at different spatial scales has not been quantitatively analyzed. Using the Beijiang River Basin as a case study， this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of landscape patterns and soil erosion from 2000 to 2020. We used Geodetector and spatiotemporal geographic weighted regression to reveal the driving mechanisms of soil erosion at different spatial scales. The results indicate that： ① Soil erosion increased significantly in the northwest of the Beijiang River Basin， with the area of moderate， severe， and extremely severe erosion accounting for 40% between 2000 and 2020， mainly influenced by elevation and precipitation. In contrast， the erosion risk in the northern and central regions decreased， mainly due to vegetation restoration and soil and water conservation measures. ② Over the past 20 years， landscape fragmentation in the Beijiang River Basin has increased by 12%， with the highest fragmentation occurring in the northeastern and southern parts of the basin， which is expected to exacerbate erosion risks in the future. ③ The interaction effect of landscape fragmentation and vegetation cover on soil erosion was the most significant at the basin and county scales， and the interaction effect coefficient were 0.634 and 0.768， respectively， indicating that vegetation cover could help mitigate the erosion risk caused by fragmentation. ④ The driving factors of soil erosion showed significant spatial heterogeneity at different spatial scales， and the effects of terrain， landscape pattern， and vegetation coverage on erosion gradually increased with the thinning of scales. Specifically， at the watershed scale， the interaction intensity of landscape fragmentation and vegetation cover on soil erosion were 0.634 and 0.515， respectively， while at the township scale， the interaction between surface temperature and vegetation cover was the most significant， with an interaction effect coefficient of 0.516. Especially in the area of human activity density， the synergistic effect of climate factors and vegetation intensified the soil erosion risk. The research results revealed the high-risk areas and important driving factors of soil erosion at different scales in Beijiang River Basin， which can provide scientific basis for regional soil and water conservation and landscape optimization management at different scales. |
