| 有机堆肥施用对灌淤土有机碳储量及玉米产量的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1778 全文点击 58 投稿时间：2024-12-16 修订日期：2025-03-13 |
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| 中文关键词 引黄灌区 灌淤土 理化性质 有机碳储量 产量 |
| 英文关键词 Yellow River irrigation area irrigation-silted soil physicochemical properties organic carbon storage yield |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202412166 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 目前有机堆肥对宁夏引黄灌区灌淤土土壤养分影响特征、有机碳固持及作物产量提升机制还不够明确. 有机农业场景下，为增加土壤碳库、扩大养分容量及提高单作玉米生产力水平，建立4 a定位试验，设置0（M0）、4 500（M1）、9 000（M2）、13 500（M3）、18 000（M4）和22 500（M5）t·（hm2·a）-1有机堆肥梯度，研究其对土壤理化性质、有机碳储量及玉米产量的影响. 结果表明，堆肥还田增加土壤0.25~2 mm和>2 mm水稳性团聚体含量，进而增加稳定性参数平均质量直径（MWD），且还田量越大增幅越明显，其中，M5处理在连续还田4 a后相比M0处理显著增加MWD值40.02%，同时相比M0处理分别显著增加有效磷和速效钾含量8.41%和9.65%，M0处理养分逐年减少，2024年有机碳储量相比2020年减少了2.4 t·hm-2，而M5处理却增加了1.35 t·hm-2，且产量相比M0处理增加140.17%. 利用熵权法、冗余分析、解释方差分析及结构方差模型揭示了堆肥还田增加了>2 mm水稳性大团聚体含量，提高了土壤有机碳储量，进而促进玉米产量增加的机制. 此外，根据累计有机碳输入变化量与有机碳储量变化量、产量变化量的极显著正相关线性关系，得出4 a内灌淤土固碳效率为12.14%，且有机碳储量每增加1 t·hm-2，则玉米产量提高637.92 kg·hm-2. 基于此，提出4 a内土壤有机质提升5%~20%则每年需要外源投入干基堆肥7.55~36.04 t·hm-2，玉米产量提升5%~20%则每年需要外源投入干基堆肥6.18~30.59 t·hm-2的策略. 研究结果可为养殖固体废弃物资源化利用、土壤有机碳储量增加及农业绿色可持续发展提供科学实践依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The effects of organic compost on soil nutrient characteristics， organic carbon sequestration mechanisms， and crop yield enhancement in irrigation-silted soils of the Yellow River irrigation district in Ningxia remain insufficiently understood. To enhance soil carbon pools， increase nutrient retention capacity， and improve monoculture maize productivity in organic agriculture， a fixed site experiment of four years was conducted with compost application gradients of 0 （M0）， 4 500 （M1）， 9 000 （M2）， 13 500 （M3）， 18 000 （M4）， and 22 500 （M5） t·（hm2·a）-1. The study investigated the impacts on soil physicochemical properties， organic carbon storage， and maize yield. The results showed that organic compost application significantly increased the content of water-stable aggregates （0.25-2 mm and >2 mm）， enhancing aggregate stability as measured by mean weight diameter （MWD）. The M5 treatment increased MWD by 40.02% compared to that in M0 after four years， with dose-dependent improvements. M5 significantly increased available phosphorus （8.41%） and potassium （9.65%） compared to that in M0. Control plots （M0） exhibited progressive nutrient depletion， with organic carbon storage decreasing by 2.4 t·hm-2 from 2020 to 2024， while M5 increased storage by 1.35 t·hm-2. By 2024， the yield under the M5 treatment increased by 140.17% compared to that under the M0 treatment. The entropy weight method， redundancy analysis （RDA）， variation partitioning analysis， and structural equation modeling （SEM） revealed that compost application enhanced >2 mm macroaggregate formation， thereby increasing organic carbon storage and subsequently maize yield. Moreover， the study found a highly significant positive linear relationship between changes in cumulative organic carbon input， organic carbon storage， and yield， indicating that the carbon sequestration efficiency of irrigation silty soil over four years was 12.14%. An increase of organic carbon storage by 1 t·hm-2 led to a maize yield increase of 637.92 kg·hm-2. Based on this， the study suggests that to enhance soil organic matter by 5%-20% within four years， 7.55-36.04 t·hm-2 of exogenous dry matter compost input would be required annually， and to increase yield by 5%-20%， 6.18-30.59 t·hm-2 of exogenous dry matter compost would be needed annually. This study provides scientific evidence for sustainable utilization of livestock waste， soil carbon sequestration， and green agricultural development in arid irrigation regions. |
