| 镉污染土壤（农田）原位钝化修复材料研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 143 全文点击 13 投稿时间：2024-04-17 修订日期：2024-08-11 |
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| 中文关键词 镉（Cd） 农田 原位钝化 修复材料 有效态 |
| 英文关键词 cadmium（Cd） farmland in situ chemical stabilization repair material available |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20250755 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 我国耕地土壤污染点位超标比例达19.4%，其中镉（Cd）的污染点位超标比例最高，达到了7.0%. Cd一旦被作物吸收进入人体会造成肾脏、骨骼和消化系统损伤，且Cd在人体中的半衰期达到了15~30 a，严重危害着人体健康. Cd污染土壤原位钝化修复材料可有效降低重金属元素Cd的迁移性及生物有效性，降低作物对Cd的积累，具有操作简单、稳定性好、钝化速率快且不影响农业生产的优势. 针对Cd污染土壤原位钝化修复，研究了不同类型的钝化材料的机制及效果，剖析了钝化材料应用的影响因素及适用条件，并提出了Cd污染土壤钝化材料未来发展的5个方向，具体如下：①钝化材料施用后的稳定性及Cd钝化后的稳定性研究；②监测评估钝化材料施用对土壤理化性质、质地和环境质量的影响及土壤修复后作物的生长、产量和品质；③针对具体施用环境研发满足要求的钝化材料和制定相应的钝化材料标准；④研究及推广应用降低土壤中总Cd的技术；⑤加快新型材料在降本增效方面的研发力度，加快新型材料的应用. 通过综合分析为钝化材料发展提供方向，可为Cd污染土壤提供有效的解决途径. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The proportion of soil pollution points exceeding the standard in China has reached 19.4%， and the proportion of cadmium exceeding the standard was the highest， reaching 7.0%. Once Cd was absorbed by crops and entered the human body， it could cause damage to the kidneys， bones， digestive system， etc. As the half-life of cadmium is 15 to 30a in humans， it severely jeopardize human health. The in-situ passivation remediation materials for cadmium-contaminated soil can effectively reduce the migration and bioavailability of cadmium and reduce the damage to crops caused by cadmium accumulation. It also has the advantages of simple operation， good stability， and fast passivation rate and does not affect agricultural production. For in-situ passivation remediation of Cd-contaminated soil， the mechanism and effect of different types of passivation materials were studied， the influencing factors and applicable conditions of passivation materials were analyzed， and five directions for the future development of passivation materials were put forward， as follows： ① conduct a stability study of the passivating agent and Cd after passivating； ② monitor and evaluate the effects of soil physicochemical properties， texture， and environmental quality and the growth， yield， and quality of crops after soil restoration by passivating agent application； ③ develop the corresponding passivating agent and formulate the corresponding standard according to the specific application environment； ④ research and apply the technology of reducing the total Cd in soil； and ⑤ accelerate the research of new materials in reducing costs and improving efficiency and accelerate the application of new materials. Through comprehensive analysis of cadmium-contaminated soil， the development direction and effective solution of cadmium-contaminated soil passivation materials were provided. |
