| 阿克苏河流域平原区咸水分布及成因分析 |
| 摘要点击 101 全文点击 3 投稿时间：2024-05-28 修订日期：2024-08-13 |
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| 中文关键词 咸水分布 咸水成因 水化学分析 阿克苏河流域 平原区 |
| 英文关键词 saltwater distribution saltwater genesis water chemistry analysis Aksu River Basin plain area |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20250726 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 邹长江 | 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | 2819049574@qq.com | | 吴彬 | 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | wubinxj@163.com | | 杜明亮 | 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 王翠 | 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | | | 庹子赟 | 新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052
新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830052 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探明阿克苏河流域地下咸水的空间分布和形成机制，采集有效地下水样本443组，综合运用了数理统计法、水化学分析法和反向水文地球模拟法进行分析. 结果表明：①阿克苏河流域咸水分布面积为0.55万km2，占平原区总面积的44.33%，主要分布在阿克苏河流域下游的广大地区，其整体上表现为东西向扩散特征，局部分布受河流流向、地质单元和地下水流向共同影响；②地下咸水中，各离子主要来源于蒸发盐岩的溶解，其次为硅酸盐岩风化及碳酸盐岩的微弱溶解，当各盐岩溶解达到一定阈值后，形成硫酸盐或碳酸盐沉淀释出，使得Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-和HCO3-离子浓度降低，水化学类型也将转变为Cl--Na+型；③地下咸水形成的影响因素按影响程度排列为：蒸发浓缩作用 > 水岩相互作用 > 阳离子交换作用，其中蒸发浓缩作用对高TDS的地下咸水起促进作用，蒸发盐岩溶解对地下咸水的形成起决定作用，阳离子交换作用对地下咸水形成的影响程度高于碳酸盐岩；④在流域上游，各物质的浓度转移量大小依次为蒸发盐岩、碳酸盐岩和阳离子交换（反向），在下游，依次为蒸发盐岩、阳离子交换（正向）和碳酸盐岩. 研究结果对阿克苏河流域咸水资源合理利用及促进区域水资源可持续发展具有重要意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the spatial distribution and formation mechanism of underground salty water in the Aksu River Basin， 443 sets of effective groundwater samples were collected and analyzed by comprehensively applying mathematical statistics， hydrochemical analysis， and inverse hydrological earth simulation methods. The results showed： ① The brackish water distribution area covered 0.55×104 km2 in the Aksu River Basin， which represented 44.33% of the total plain area. This brackish water was mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the Aksu River Basin. Overall， its distribution demonstrated an east-west diffusion pattern influenced by local factors such as river flow， geological units， and groundwater flow directions. ② The composition of ions in the brackish groundwater primarily originated from the dissolution of evaporated salt rocks， followed by the weathering of silicate rocks and limited dissolution of carbonate rocks. As each salt rock dissolved to a certain threshold， sulphate or carbonate precipitates were released， leading to reduced concentrations of Ca2+， Mg2+， SO42-， and HCO3- ions and a transformation of water chemistry to Cl--Na+ type. ③ The factors influencing the formation of salty underground water， in descending order of impact， included evaporation and concentration， water-rock interactions， and cation exchange. Evaporation and concentration notably contributed to elevated concentrations of brackish groundwater. The dissolution of evaporated saline rocks significantly influenced the formation of brackish groundwater， with cation exchange exerting a stronger influence compared to that of carbonate rocks. ④ In the upper reaches of the watershed， the transfer of substances followed the sequence： evaporated saline rocks > carbonate rocks > cation exchange （reverse）. Conversely， in the lower reaches， the sequence shifted to evaporated saline rocks > cation exchange （forward） > carbonate rocks. These findings are pivotal for the sustainable management and utilization of brackish water resources in the Aksu River Basin， aiming to foster the region's water resource sustainability. |
