| 西南地区构造湖和河成湖流域水质对景观特征的多时空尺度响应差异 |
| 摘要点击 242 全文点击 7 投稿时间：2024-06-07 修订日期：2024-08-13 |
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| 中文关键词 湖泊水质 构造湖和河成湖 景观特征 冗余分析 多时空尺度 |
| 英文关键词 lake water quality tectonic and river-forming lakes landscape characterization redundancy analysis multi-temporal and spatial scales |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20250719 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究不同湖泊类型水质对景观特征的多时空尺度响应差异，以云南省昆明市滇池（构造湖）和四川省自贡市富顺西湖（河成湖）为研究对象，分别提取昆明滇池流域200、400、600、800和1 000 m湖岸带缓冲区和富顺西湖流域20、40、60、80和100 m湖岸带缓冲区各5种空间尺度上的土地利用类型和景观格局指数，结合雨季（2022年7月）和旱季（2023年4月）湖泊水质数据，采用相关分析和冗余分析（RDA）等方法定量对比了两种类型湖泊水质对景观特征的多时空尺度响应差异. 结果表明：①富顺西湖土地利用类型均为建设用地，昆明滇池土地利用类型较为丰富，其中以建设用地为主，两类湖泊的景观破碎度均随空间尺度的增大而减小. 因两湖泊流域景观特征不同，其水质在旱季均优于雨季，且富顺西湖的水质优于昆明滇池. ②富顺西湖在旱季和60 m湖岸带缓冲区尺度下景观特征对水质的解释率最大，昆明滇池在雨季和800 m湖岸带缓冲区尺度下水质对景观特征响应最为强烈，昆明滇池水质对景观特征的响应程度高于富顺西湖. ③不同类型湖泊水质在不同时空尺度下对不同景观特征的响应存在显著差异. 在本研究中，建设用地在旱雨两季均为昆明滇池流域水质的“汇”景观，在富顺西湖流域表现为典型的“源”景观. 林地在昆明滇池流域多时空尺度均为污染水质的“源”景观，旱季时在距离较远的湖岸带缓冲区尺度与多数水质指标呈现负相关. 斑块密度是影响昆明滇池流域和富顺西湖流域水质的最关键指标，景观形状指数对富顺西湖水质比昆明滇池水质影响程度更大. 通过对不同湖泊类型水质在多时空尺度上的响应差异进行研究，有助于更好地预测和应对环境变化对水资源和生态系统的潜在影响，通过优化水资源配置、加强生态保护和环境治理等措施，可为制定更加精准和有效的水资源管理和保护政策提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the differences in water quality response to landscape features at multiple spatial and temporal scales for different lake types， the Dianchi Lake （Tectonic Lake） in Kunming， Yunnan Province and Fushun West Lake （Hecheng Lake） in Zigong， Sichuan Province were used as the objects of the study. Land use types and landscape pattern indices were extracted at five spatial scales of 200， 400， 600， 800， and 1 000 m buffer zones of the Dianchi Lake basin in Kunming and 20， 40， 60， 80， and 100 m buffer zones of the Fushun West Lake Basin. Combined with lake water quality data from the wet season （July 2022） and dry season （April 2023）， the correlation analysis and the redundancy analysis （RDA） were used to quantitatively compare the differences in the multi-temporal and spatial scale responses of water quality to landscape characteristics between two types of lakes. The results showed that： ① All land use types of Fushun West Lake were urban land， and the land use types of Kunming Dianchi were richer， in which urban land was dominant. The landscape fragmentation of both lakes decreased with the increase of spatial scale. Due to the different landscape characteristics of the two lake basins， their water quality was better in the dry season than in the wet season， and the water quality of Fushun West Lake was better than that of Kunming Dianchi. ② Fushun West Lake had the highest explanation rate of the landscape characteristics to the water quality at the scale of 60 m lakeshore buffer zone in the dry season， whereas Kunming Dianchi had the strongest response to the landscape characteristics in the wet season and 800 m lakeshore buffer zone. The response of water quality to the landscape characteristics of Kunming Dianchi was higher than that of Fushun West Lake. ③ There were significant differences in the response of water quality of varying lake types to different landscape features at different spatial and temporal scales. In this study， the urban land was a “sink” landscape of water quality in the Dianchi Lake basin in both dry and wet seasons， while the Fushun West Lake basin was a typical “source” landscape. Forest land was a “source” of polluted water quality at multiple spatial and temporal scales in the Kunming Dianchi basin， with a negative correlation between buffer scale and most water quality indicators at more distant lakeshore zones during the dry season. Patch density was the most critical indicator affecting water quality in Dianchi and Fushun West Lake watersheds. Moreover， the landscape shape index had a greater impact on the water quality of Fushun West Lake than that of Kunming Dianchi. By studying the differences in the response of water quality of different lake types at multiple spatial and temporal scales， this study helps to better predict and respond to the potential impacts of environmental changes on water resources and ecosystems. It also provides a scientific basis for the development of more precise and effective water resource management and protection policies by optimizing the allocation of water resources and strengthening ecological protection and environmental governance. |
