| 炭基肥对麦-玉轮作农田土壤酶活性和真菌群落及作物产量的影响 |
| 摘要点击 568 全文点击 79 投稿时间：2024-05-30 修订日期：2024-08-07 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭基肥 冬小麦夏玉米轮作 土壤养分 土壤酶 真菌群落 |
| 英文关键词 biochar-based fertilizer winter wheat-summer maize rotation soil nutrient soil enzyme fungal community |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20250657 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 骆晓声 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | luoxiaosheng630@163.com | | 寇长林 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | | | 张济世 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | | | 吕金岭 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | | | 李太魁 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 郑州 450002
河南省农业资源与环境重点实验室, 郑州 450002 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 研究生物炭基肥在华北冬小麦夏玉米轮作农田施用土壤养分、酶、真菌群落及作物产量变化，为炭基肥的田间应用提供评价依据. 在河南北部冬小麦夏玉米轮作种植区，通过田间定位试验设置不施肥（CK）、高量施氮（N1）、优化施氮（N2）和生物炭基肥（TF）这4个处理，采用高通量测序技术，研究炭基肥长期施用土壤真菌群落组成的变化及其与土壤理化性质、酶活性和作物产量的关系. 结果表明，生物炭基肥连续施用比优化施氮显著提高土壤有机碳含量10.9%，提高土壤全氮含量8%. 炭基肥施用比优化施氮分别提高土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性31.5%、13.9%和12.6%. TF处理较N1和N2处理提高了子囊菌门相对丰度6.78%和0.6%，降低担子菌门相对丰度30.0%和8.88%. TF处理较N2处理提高了被孢霉门和壶菌门相对丰度16.3%和7.0%. 在属水平上，施用炭基肥比优化施氮降低了瓶毛壳属相对丰度，提高了小孢拟棘壳孢属相对丰度. N2处理和TF处理镰刀菌属相对丰度分别比N1处理降低35.7%和14.5%. 子囊菌门与土壤蔗糖酶存在显著正相关；被孢霉门与土壤脲酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶存在显著正相关. 冗余分析表明，土壤有机碳、全氮和硝态氮是影响土壤真菌群落的主要环境因子. 随机森林结果表明，土壤真菌Simpson指数和土壤脲酶活性对作物产量的重要性高. 综上所述，炭基肥施用提高了华北冬小麦和夏玉米轮作农田土壤有机碳和全氮含量，提高了土壤酶活性和多数优势真菌门类相对丰度，对作物产量的提高有积极作用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A study was conducted on the application of biochar-based fertilizer in winter wheat-summer maize rotation farmland in North China， including changes in soil nutrients， enzymes， fungal communities， and crop yield， to provide evaluation basis for the field application of biochar-based fertilizer. In the winter wheat summer maize rotation planting area in northern Henan， four treatments including no fertilization （CK）， high nitrogen application （N1）， optimized nitrogen application （N2）， and biochar-based fertilizer （TF） were set up through field positioning experiments. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the changes in soil fungal community composition and its relationship with soil physical and chemical properties， enzyme activity， and crop yield after long-term application of biochar-based fertilizer. The results showed that continuous application of biochar-based fertilizer significantly increased soil organic carbon content by 10.9% and soil total nitrogen content by 8%. The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased soil urease， invertase， and β-glucosidase activity by 31.5%， 13.9%， and 12.6%， respectively. The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased the soil fungal Ace， Shannon， Chao， and Sobs indices， but there was no significant difference among the treatments. The average abundance of the subphylum Ascomycota， Mortierellomycota， unclassified fungi， and Basidiomycota in the soil fungal community was 74.8%， 8.3%， 6.9%， and 6.4%， respectively. The TF treatment increased the relative abundance of Ascomycota by 6.78% and 0.6% compared to in the N1 and N2 treatments， while reducing the relative abundance of Basidiomycota by 30.0% and 8.88%. TF increased the abundance of the Mortierellomycota and Chytridiomycota by 16.3% and 7.0%， respectively， compared to that in N2. At the genus level， the application of biochar-based fertilizer reduced the abundance of Lophotrichus and increased the abundance of Pyrenochaetopsis. The abundance of N2 and TF Fusarium fungi was 35.7% and 14.5% lower than that of N1， respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between soil organic carbon and the Rozellomycota and unclassified fungi. Soil total phosphorus was significantly positively correlated with the Zoopagomycota and negatively correlated with the Rozellomycota. There was a significant negative correlation between soil nitrate-nitrogen and the unclassified fungi. The ascomycetes were significantly positively correlated with soil sucrase， and the Mortierellomycota were significantly positively correlated with soil urease and β-glucosidase. The unclassified fungal phylum exhibited a significant negative correlation with soil urease. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， and nitrate-nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the soil fungal community. The application of biochar-based fertilizer increased wheat and maize yields， with maize yield increasing more. The results of random forest indicated that soil fungal Simpson index and soil urease activity were important for crop yield. In summary， the application of carbon-based fertilizer increased the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen content， soil enzyme activity， and the relative abundance of most dominant fungal phyla in winter wheat and summer maize rotation farmland in North China and had a positive effect on the improvement of crop yield. |
