| 插电式混合动力汽车全生命周期评价及情景模拟 |
| 摘要点击 1136 全文点击 86 投稿时间：2024-05-07 修订日期：2024-08-05 |
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| 中文关键词 城市道路交通 环境排放物 材料资源消耗 化石能源消耗 全生命周期评价（LCA） 情景模拟 |
| 英文关键词 urban road traffic environmental emissions material resource consumption fossil energy consumption full life cycle assessment （LCA） scenario simulation |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20250626 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）生命周期过程中资源消耗与环境效益，基于全生命周期评价（LCA）方法，选取丰田雷凌PHEV为代表车型进行清单分析和计算，分析其材料资源消耗、化石能源消耗和环境影响的评价结果. 同时进一步选取纯电动汽车（BEV）和混合动力汽车（HEV）作为对比车辆，对车辆运行使用阶段中不同运行工况、动力电池衰减和不同行驶里程阶段等关键因素进行情景模拟研究. 结果表明，锂和铜等金属资源的生产与使用会产生大量的材料资源消耗，车辆运行使用阶段能源消耗是车辆全生命周期化石能源消耗增加的主要原因. 在不同行驶工况情景模拟研究中讨论了城市工况、高速工况以及激烈驾驶工况，发现BEV在这3种工况中资源消耗与环境负效益最低. 研究讨论了动力电池衰减至90%和85%时的两种情景，发现BEV对于动力电池衰减更为敏感. 在车辆行驶里程情景中讨论了1万、5万、10万和15万km里程节点，同时考虑了私家车和出租车两个用车场景，发现在车辆行驶里程累计5万km及以上时，BEV与私家车场景中的PHEV资源消耗与环境负效益反而高于HEV和出租车场景中的PHEV. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To study the resource utilization and environmental impacts over the life cycle of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles （PHEV）， this study employs a life cycle assessment （LCA） approach. It focuses on the Toyota Levin PHEV for inventory analysis， assessing material and fossil fuel consumption and the overall environmental footprint. Additionally， the study compares these impacts with those of battery electric vehicles （BEV） and hybrid electric vehicles （HEV）， analyzing various factors such as operational conditions， battery wear， and mileage increments during usage. The research found that the extraction and utilization of metals like lithium and copper led to considerable consumption of material resources， with operational energy use being the major contributor to the vehicle's lifetime fossil fuel consumption. Scenarios of urban， highway， and aggressive driving suggest that BEVs maintain the lowest environmental and resource burden. The study further investigated the effect of battery capacity degradation to 90% and 85%， noting a heightened sensitivity in BEVs. Mileage increments of 10 000， 50 000， 100 000， and 150 000 km were analyzed under private and taxi usage scenarios， indicating a higher environmental and resource impact in BEVs and PHEVs under private usage when exceeding 50 000 km compared to that of HEVs and PHEVs used in taxis. |
