| 汇流对洱海罗时江小流域水体微塑料污染的影响 |
| 摘要点击 265 全文点击 19 投稿时间：2024-04-29 修订日期：2024-07-05 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料 水体 汇流 污染特征 洱海罗时江小流域 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics water flow concentration pollution characteristics Luoshijiang sub-watershed of Erhai Lake Basin |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 微塑料带来的环境问题与健康风险日益凸显,汇流对封闭小流域水环境微塑料污染的影响尚不明晰.为此,以洱海罗时江小流域为研究对象,调研支流、干流和湖泊水体微塑料污染特征,分析坡面汇流及支流汇流作用对水体微塑料污染的影响.结果表明：①罗时江小流域干流和湖泊水体微塑料丰度（14 500 n·m-3和16 562 n·m-3）显著高于支流（8 714 n·m-3,P<0.05）,主要聚合物类型为人造丝（47.16%）和聚酯（38.41%）,小流域微塑料粒径集中于0.2~1 mm（73.59%）,超过99.37%的微塑料为纤维状,颜色以透明为主（65.08%）.②微塑料多样性指数评价结果表现为：干流>支流>湖泊,微塑料聚合物类型和颜色种类也以干流最为丰富,支流汇流增大了干流的微塑料丰度和多样性指数.③水体中微塑料的3个粒径（0.2~0.5、0.5~1和1~2 mm）、透明、纤维和PES等污染特征均与临近土壤样品中微塑料的相应特征呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,土壤与水体微塑料的多样性表现出更高的相似性,坡面汇流使土壤微塑料向水体中迁移.罗时江小流域具有封闭-半封闭特征,坡面汇流和支流汇流影响小流域水体微塑料迁移及分布,应加强小流域尺度的塑料污染管控及源削减. |
| 英文摘要 |
| With the wide application of plastics, the environmental problems and health risks brought by microplastics are gradually becoming prominent and the effects of flow concentration on the microplastic pollution in the water environment of a closed sub-watershed remain unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive survey was carried out at the sub-watershed scale to explore the distribution characteristics of microplastic pollution in the water of tributaries, main streams, and lakes of the Luoshijiang sub-watershed in the Erhai Lake Basin. The effects of flow concentration on water microplastic pollution were also analyzed. The results showed that： ① The abundance of microplastics in the water of the stemflow （14 500 n·m-3） and lake （16 562 n·m-3） was significantly higher than that of tributaries （8 714 n·m-3,P<0.05） in the Luoshijiang sub-watershed. The main polymer types were rayon （47.16%） and polyester （38.41%）. The particle size of microplastics was concentrated in the range of 0.2-1 mm （73.59%）, and more than 99.37% of microplastics were fiber-shaped, and the main color was transparent （65.08%）. ② The microplastic diversity index followed the sequence as main stream>tributary>lake. The stemflow had the highest abundance and polymer and color types of microplastics. The flow concentration in the river showed a net increase in the microplastic abundance and diversity index of the main stream. ③ The pollution characteristics of microplastics including particle size （0.2~0.5, 0.5~1, and 1~2 mm）, color, and shape in water showed a significant positive correlation with that in adjacent soil （P<0.05）. Soil and water PES, 0.5-1 mm microplastic distribution, and microplastic size diversity showed higher similarity. The overland flow caused soil microplastics to migrate into water. In the Luoshijiang sub-watershed with the independent and enclosed features, the flow concentration altered the migration and distribution of microplastics. Plastic pollution control and source reduction at a small watershed scale should be strengthened. |
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