| 土壤和叶面施锰联合钝化剂降低稻米镉的综合效应 |
| 摘要点击 1565 全文点击 199 投稿时间：2023-12-19 修订日期：2024-03-04 |
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| 中文关键词 镉（Cd） 锰（Mn） 水稻 钝化剂 叶面喷施 根表铁膜 |
| 英文关键词 cadmium（Cd） manganese（Mn） rice soil stabilizer foliar spray iron plaque on root surface |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 邱永洪 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室, 广州 510642 | 940102071@qq.com | | 唐宇龙 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室, 广州 510642 | | | 李择桂 | 佛山植宝生态科技有限公司, 佛山 528000 | | | 陈灿明 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室, 广州 510642 | | | 卫泽斌 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室, 广州 510642 | | | 郭勇军 | 佛山植宝生态科技有限公司, 佛山 528000 | | | 吴启堂 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广东省农业农村污染治理与环境安全重点实验室, 广州 510642 | wuqitang@scau.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 镉（Cd）污染酸性稻田存在严重的环境和健康问题,常采用碱性钝化剂和拮抗剂锰（Mn）肥来降低水稻Cd污染.然而,Mn的生物有效性可能会受到钝化剂影响而不能有效降低稻米Cd的累积.采用一种含有机质和硅钙的碱性复合钝化剂,联合土壤施用硫酸锰拮抗剂,并在水稻孕穗期和灌浆期叶面喷施有机锰肥（EDTA-Mn、氨基酸锰）,研究其联合施用效果和机制.在盆栽试验中,选择3种处理模式：土壤施用钝化剂/锰肥（T）；叶面喷施锰肥（Y）；土壤钝化剂、锰肥、叶面锰肥配合施用（T+Y）,共计12个处理.在田间试验中,选择两种处理模式：单施叶面锰肥（Y）；土壤钝化剂、锰肥、叶面锰肥配合施用（T+Y）,共计9个处理.盆栽试验结果表明,与对照CK相比,单施钝化剂、 单施硫酸锰、1/2钝化剂+1/2硫酸锰处理稻米Cd含量分别降低了19.1%、44.0%和51.9%.在1/2钝化剂+1/2硫酸锰的基础上,叶面锰肥EDTA-Mn、氨基酸锰使稻米Cd进一步降低了46.1%和46.9%.田间试验结果表明,与CK相比,EDTA-Mn、氨基酸锰二种叶面锰肥配合1/2钝化剂+1/2硫酸锰分别使稻米Cd降低了86.9%和83.6%,Cd富集系数均降低到0.05.单施钝化剂显著提升了盆栽土壤pH,并使土壤CaCl2-Cd显著降低.然而,单施钝化剂抑制了根表锰膜的形成,而1/2钝化剂+1/2硫酸锰显著提升根表铁锰膜,使根表固定更多的Cd.叶面喷施锰肥显著降低Cd由茎叶向稻米的转运.田间试验也显示,1/2钝化剂+1/2硫酸锰配合叶面锰肥虽然提升土壤pH和降低CaCl2-Cd不如高量钝化剂的处理,但显著降低Cd由茎叶向稻米的转运.综上所述,盆栽试验和田间试验均表现出1/2钝化剂+1/2硫酸锰配合叶面喷施有机锰肥能全方位阻控水稻对Cd吸收转运,有效降低稻米Cd的累积. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Crucial environmental and health problems occur in acidic paddy fields contaminated by cadmium （Cd）. Alkaline stabilizers and manganese （Mn） fertilizers are often applied to soil to reduce Cd pollution in rice. However, the bioavailability of Mn may also be affected by stabilizers and cannot effectively reduce Cd accumulation in rice. In this study, an alkaline compound stabilizer containing organic matter and silica-calcium was used in combination with a soil application of Mn antagonist （Mn-sulfate）, and organic Mn-fertilizer （EDTA-Mn, amino acid-bound Mn） was sprayed on the leaves of rice at the booting stage and filling stage to elucidate the effectiveness and mechanism of the combined treatments. In the pot experiment, three types of treatments were selected： soil application of stabilizer/Mn fertilizer （T）, Mn foliar spray （Y）, and the combination of soil stabilizer/Mn fertilizer and Mn foliar spray （T+Y）, and a total of 12 treatments were performed. In the field experiment, two types of treatments were selected： Mn foliar spray （Y） and the combination of soil stabilizer/Mn fertilizer and Mn foliar spray （T+Y）, and nine treatments were performed in total. The pot experiment results showed that, compared with that in CK, the Cd content in brown rice treated with the single applications of stabilizer, Mn-sulfate, and 1/2 stabilizer+1/2 Mn-sulfate were decreased by 19.1%, 44.0%, and 51.9%, respectively. On the basis of 1/2 stabilizer+1/2 Mn-sulfate, the Mn foliar spray of EDTA-Mn and amino acid-bound Mn further reduced Cd in brown rice by 46.1% and 46.9%, respectively. Field experiment results showed that, compared with that in CK, Mn foliar spray with EDTA-Mn and amino acid-bound Mn combined with 1/2 stabilizer + 1/2 Mn-sulfate reduced Cd in brown rice by 86.9% and 83.6%, respectively, and the Cd bioconcentration factor were both reduced to 0.05. A single application of stabilizer significantly increased the pH of the soil in the pot experiment and reduced the soil CaCl2-extractable Cd. However, the single application of stabilizer significantly inhibited the formation of Mn plaque on the root surface, while 1/2 stabilizer+1/2 Mn sulfate significantly increased the iron-Mn plaque on the root surface, and more Cd was also fixed on root surface. The addition of Mn foliar spray significantly reduced Cd transport from the stem and leaves to the rice grains. The field experiment showed that the 1/2 stabilizer+1/2 Mn-sulfate combined with Mn foliar spray significantly reduced Cd transport from the stem and leaves to the rice grains, though this combined treatment did not increase soil pH and reduce CaCl2-Cd as much as the treatment of the full dose of stabilizer. In summary, pot and field experiments consistently showed that 1/2 stabilizer+1/2 Mn-sulfate combined with organic Mn foliar spray could inhibit the uptake and transport of Cd in whole soil-plant systems and effectively reduce the Cd accumulation in brown rice. |
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