| 云贵高原西部偏远山地表层土壤重金属污染 |
| 摘要点击 1809 全文点击 309 投稿时间：2023-10-16 修订日期：2024-01-02 |
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| 中文关键词 云贵高原西部 偏远山地 表层土壤 重金属 富集特征 污染来源 |
| 英文关键词 western Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau remote mountainous area topsoil heavy metal enrichment characteristics pollution source |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20241056 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 人类活动释放到大气中的重金属已对偏远地区生态环境产生了不利影响. 选择研究相对薄弱的云贵高原西部地区,采集了13处偏远山地69个表层土壤样品,采样点海拔2 563~4 037 m,分析了10种重金属含量,采用富集系数（EF）、正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）和Pb同位素指纹示踪等方法,研究了表层土壤中重金属的富集特征和污染来源. 结果表明,表层土壤中Al、Fe、Cu、V和Zn含量平均值低于云南省土壤背景值,Ni和Pb含量平均值与背景值相当,Cd、Cr和Hg含量平均值为背景值的1.8~3.6倍. 表层土壤中,Pb、Cr和Ni的EF平均值分别为3.8、3.4和2.3,为中度富集；Cd和Hg的EF平均值分别为15.2和10.0,为显著富集；其余重金属EF平均值为1.1~1.9,为无富集-弱富集. 结合表层土壤与基岩样品中重金属含量对比、EF和PMF结果分析,表层土壤中Al、Fe、V、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn主要为自然来源,其含量空间变化主要受成土母质的影响；Cd、Hg和Pb为典型污染元素,主要污染源为有色金属冶炼和燃煤释放,污染相对较高的区域主要分布于轿子雪山、碧塔海流域、螺髻山和老君山地区. 人为污染对表层土壤中重金属累积的贡献率为23.8%. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Heavy metals from anthropogenic emissions have had a negative impact on the ecological environment in remote regions. A total of 69 topsoil samples were collected from 13 remote mountainous areas in the western Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau at altitudes of 2 563-4 037 m, and the concentrations of ten heavy metals in the samples were determined. Enrichment characteristics and pollution sources of heavy metals in topsoil were discussed by referencing the enrichment factor （EF）, positive matrix factorization （PMF）, and Pb isotopes. The results showed that the average concentrations of Al, Fe, Cu, V, and Zn in the topsoil were lower than the soil background values in Yunnan Province； the average concentrations of Ni and Pb were similar to the background values； and the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Hg were 1.8-3.6 times higher than the background values. The average EF values of Pb, Cr, and Ni were 3.8, 3.4, and 2.3, respectively, showing moderate enrichment according to the EF classification criteria； the average EF values of Cd and Hg were 15.2 and 10.0, reflecting significant enrichment； and the average EF values of the other metals ranged from 1.1 to 1.9, displaying none-weak enrichment. Combining the comparisons of heavy metal concentrations and ratios in topsoil and bedrock and the EF and PMF results, Al, Fe, V, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn in topsoil were considered primarily from detrital sources, and the spatial concentration variations of the metals should have been mainly regulated by the parent material. Cadmium, Hg, and Pb were obviously polluted by anthropogenic emissions, and the main sources were non-ferrous metal smelting and coal combustion. The areas with relatively high Cd, Hg, and Pb pollution were mainly distributed in the Jiaozi snow mountain, Bitahai watershed, Luoji Mountain, and Laojun Mountain areas. Anthropogenic emissions contributed 23.8% of the accumulation of heavy metals in the topsoil. |
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