| 不同施氮措施对麦玉轮作系统N2O排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1696 全文点击 296 投稿时间：2023-11-20 修订日期：2024-01-30 |
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| 中文关键词 华北平原 麦玉轮作 N2O排放 控释氮肥 产量 |
| 英文关键词 North China Plain wheat-maize rotation N2O emissions controlled release nitrogen fertilizer yield |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20241053 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 蔡连凤 | 东北农业大学资源与环境学院, 哈尔滨 150030
北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097 | 1395974214@qq.com | | 王学霞 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 王甲辰 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 曹兵 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 魏丹 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | | | 梁丽娜 | 北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 北京 100097
北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心, 北京 100097 | lianglinacau@163.com |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究华北麦玉轮作系统农田土壤N2O排放对不同施氮措施的响应及影响因素,采用常规静态箱-气相色谱法,分析了：不施肥（CK）、常规施氮（尿素,追肥一次,U1）、优化施氮（减氮20%,追肥一次,U2）、控释掺混肥一次性施肥（50%尿素+控释尿素50%,减氮20%,SRU1）、控释氮肥一次性施肥（减氮20%,SRU2）和抑制剂型控释氮肥一次性施肥（减氮20%,ISRU）这6个处理下,N2O排放通量及土壤理化性质的差异. 结果表明,麦玉轮作期间土壤N2O排放通量呈动态变化,CK、U1和U2处理玉米季N2O排放峰出现在基肥后4~7 d,追肥后6~10 d,小麦季排放峰出现在基肥后4~8 d,追肥后6~9 d；玉米季和小麦季SRU1、SRU2和ISRU排放峰分别出现在基肥后10~21 d和12~20 d,控释氮肥的施用显著降低N2O排放峰值和频次.与U1相比,玉米季U2、SRU1、SRU2和ISRU处理N2O排放通量分别显著降低了8.5%、20.0%、33.8%和43.6%,且玉米季N2O排放通量高于小麦季,占整个轮作周期的58.1%~65.1%. 与U1相比,U2、SRU1处理产量分别降低了5.9%和1.9%,SRU2和ISRU处理产量分别增加了1.7%和7.0%. 玉米季,与U1相比,ISRU产值增加了14.6%,环境效益为581元,净经济效益提高得最多达18.6%,而小麦季产值和净经济效益出现下降的现象,由此抑制剂控释氮肥一次性施入更适用于玉米季. N2O排放通量与土壤性质理化指标相关性分析发现,N2O与湿度、铵态氮、硝态氮以及微生物量碳、氮呈显著正相关关系. 由此,抑制剂型控释氮肥一次性施肥在减少劳动力投入与降低环境效益方面起到积极作用,可为华北地区玉米种植提供有效的氮肥管理方式. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the response of N2O emissions from farmland soil to different nitrogen application measures and the factors affecting it in the wheat and jade rotation system in North China, we analyzed the results of the one-time application of fertilizer in the following six treatments： without fertilization （CK）, conventional nitrogen application （urea, one instance of follow-up fertilization, U1）, optimized nitrogen application （20% nitrogen reduction, one instance of follow-up fertilization, U2）, one-time fertilization of controlled-release doped fertilizers （50% urea + controlled-release urea 50%, nitrogen reduction 20%, SRU1）, controlled-release fertilizer one-time fertilization （nitrogen reduction 20%, SRU2）, and inhibitor-type controlled-release fertilizer one-time fertilization （nitrogen reduction 20%, ISRU）, and the differences in N2O emission fluxes and soil physicochemical properties were determined. The results showed that soil N2O emission fluxes were dynamic during the wheat and jade crop rotation, and the N2O emission peaks of the CK, U1, and U2 treatments appeared in the corn season at 4-7d of basal fertilizer and 6-10d of fertilizer, and out of the wheat season its emission peaks appeared in the basal fertilizer at 4-8 d and 6-9 d of fertilizer. The emission peaks of SRU1, SRU2, and ISRU appeared in the basal fertilizer at 10-21 d, 12-20 d, and 12-20 d of fertilizer, respectively, in the corn season and the wheat season. At 21 d and 12-20 d, the application of controlled-release fertilizer significantly reduced the peak and frequency of N2O emission. Compared with those in U1, the N2O emission fluxes of the U2, SRU1, SRU2, and ISRU treatments were significantly reduced by 8.5%, 20.0%, 33.8%, and 43.6%, respectively, and the N2O emission fluxes were higher in the corn season than in the wheat season, which accounted for 58.1%-65.1% of the whole crop rotation cycle. Yield was reduced by 5.9% and 1.9% for the U2 and SRU1 treatments and increased by 1.7% and 7.0% for the SRU2 and ISRU treatments, respectively, compared to that in U1. In the maize season, the ISRU yield increased by 14.6%, the environmental benefit was $581, and the net economic benefit increased by up to 18.6% compared to that in U1, whereas the wheat season showed a decrease in yield and net economic benefit, which resulted in a one-time application of the inhibitor controlled-release fertilizers being more suitable for the maize season. Correlation analysis of N2O emission fluxes with the physicochemical indices of soil properties revealed that N2O was correlated with moisture, ammonium N, nitrate N, and microbial carbon and nitrate N and nitrogen. N2O and moisture, ammonium N, nitrate N, and microbial amount of carbon and nitrogen were significantly positively correlated. Thus, the one-time application of inhibitor-type controlled-release fertilizers played a positive role in reducing labor inputs and environmental benefits, and it could be an effective method of N fertilizer management for maize cultivation in North China. |
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