| 碳市场发电行业配额分配方法分析及优化建议 |
| 摘要点击 2565 全文点击 497 投稿时间：2024-01-07 修订日期：2024-01-25 |
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| 中文关键词 全国碳市场 试点碳市场 发电行业 配额分配 优化建议 |
| 英文关键词 national carbon market pilot carbon market power industry allowance allocation optimization advice |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.20240824 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 吕晨 | 北京理工大学管理与经济学院, 能源与环境政策研究中心, 北京 100081
生态环境部环境规划院碳达峰碳中和研究中心, 北京 100012 | lvchen@caep.org.cn | | 阮建辉 | 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院, 北京 100190 | | | 王科 | 北京理工大学管理与经济学院, 能源与环境政策研究中心, 北京 100081 | | | 宋晓晖 | 生态环境部环境规划院碳达峰碳中和研究中心, 北京 100012 | | | 张泽宸 | 生态环境部环境规划院碳达峰碳中和研究中心, 北京 100012 | | | 金玲 | 生态环境部环境规划院碳达峰碳中和研究中心, 北京 100012 | | | 蔡博峰 | 生态环境部环境规划院碳达峰碳中和研究中心, 北京 100012 | caibf@caep.org.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 碳排放配额的初始分配是碳市场制度体系中的重要组成部分,公平、科学、可操作的配额分配方法与配额管理体系是保证碳市场健康运行的基石.由于排放量高、工艺流程简单且数据基础较好,中国试点碳市场与全国碳市场均优先将发电行业纳入配额管理,出台既有共性又兼具差异的配额分配方法.通过对比发电行业配额分配方法,总结对于机组分类、修正系数、产品计量和配额结转等关键问题的处理方式,发现全国碳市场第一个履约周期配额分配存在发放时间滞后、缺少结转规定、缺乏调控机制和方法尚不完善等问题.建议从方法和管理两方面完善发电行业配额分配制度,包括建立配额总量约束、明确配额结转规定、完善掺烧机组配额核定方法和优化修正系数的选取并适时引入有偿分配制度. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The initial allocation of carbon emission allowances is an important component of the carbon market. An equitable, scientific, and operational quota allocation method and quota management system are the cornerstones for ensuring the healthy operation of the carbon market. Owing to the high emissions, simple process, and good data foundation, the pilot and national carbon market in China have initially included the power industry in allowance management and introduced a common and differentiated quota allocation method. In this study, we compared the allowance allocation methods for the power industry and summarized the methods for key issues such as unit classification, correction factor, product measurement, and quota carry-over. We observed that there were concerns, such as lagging issuance time, lack of carry-over provisions, lack of regulatory mechanisms, and imperfect methods, in the first performance cycle of the national carbon market quota allocation. We improved the allowance allocation system for the power industry in the carbon market from the methodological and management perspectives, including establishing a total allowance constraint, clarifying quota carry-over provisions, improving the quota verification method for co-firing units, optimizing correction factors' selection, and introducing a compensatory distribution system in a timely manner. |
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