| 中国省域土壤重金属空间分布特征及分区管控对策 |
| 摘要点击 3820 全文点击 1044 投稿时间：2022-08-17 修订日期：2022-11-02 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤重金属 分布特征 污染评价 人体健康 风险管控 |
| 英文关键词 soil heavy metals distribution characteristic pollution assessment human health risk control |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 掌握土壤重金属空间分布特征及健康风险,对于落实分级分区的土壤污染管控措施具有重要意义.通过整理最近20年发表的706篇核心文献数据,从省域尺度上分析了我国土壤重金属空间分布特征、累积程度及其健康风险.结果表明,在省域尺度上土壤重金属具有明显的空间差异,整体呈现"南高北低,东高西低"的特征.耕地和建设用地土壤中重金属含量较高,且超标率高于草地和林地.中国大部分地区土壤重金属含量高于区域背景值,地累积指数为:Cd(1.80)>Pb(0.23)>Cu(0.17)>Zn(-0.05)>As(-0.56)>Cr(-0.69),超过85%省域土壤Cd达到中度污染水平.云南、贵州、广西、湖南和江西等有色金属资源型省份土壤重金属普遍高于其他省份,当地儿童面临较高的致癌风险.福建、浙江、江苏和天津等沿海地区土壤污染主要来源于工业生产和城市化建设.高强度农业利用是河南、山东和安徽等地区土壤重金属积累的重要原因. |
| 英文摘要 |
| It is important to understand the spatial distribution characteristics and health risks of soil heavy metals for the implementation of soil pollution control measures in different levels and regions. Based on the data of 706 core studies in the last 20 years, the spatial distribution characteristics, accumulation degree, and health risks of soil heavy metals in China were analyzed at the provincial level. The results showed that the soil heavy metals had obvious spatial differences on the provincial scale, with an overall trend of "high in the south and low in the north and high in the east and low in the west." The content of heavy metals in the soil of agricultural land and construction land was high, and the rate of exceeding the standard was higher than that of other land types. Soil heavy metal concentrations in most areas of China were higher than the regional background values and were highly cumulative. The accumulation indices were:Cd(1.80)>Pb(0.23)>Cu(0.17)>Zn(-0.05)>As(-0.56)>Cr(-0.69), with more than 85% of the provincial soils reaching moderate levels of Cd pollution. Non-ferrous metal resource-based provinces such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, and Jiangxi generally had higher soil heavy metal levels than those in other provinces, and local children faced higher cancer risks. Soil pollution in coastal areas such as Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Tianjin mainly originated from industrial production and urbanization construction. High intensity agricultural utilization was an important cause of soil heavy metal accumulation in Henan, Shandong, and Anhui. |
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