| PMF和RF模型联用的土壤重金属污染来源解析与污染评价:以西北某典型工业园区为例 |
| 摘要点击 1556 全文点击 426 投稿时间：2022-06-25 修订日期：2022-08-22 |
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| 中文关键词 重金属 源解析 正定矩阵因子分解(PMF) 随机森林(RF) 工业园区 |
| 英文关键词 heavy metals source apportionment positive matrix factorization (PMF) random forest(RF) industrial park |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 基于西北某典型工业园区工厂内的地表土壤中7种重金属元素［As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Hg、Ni和Cr (Ⅵ)］的含量,分析该工业园区重金属污染特征,并采用潜在生态风险指数和地累积指数法分别进行生态风险和污染评价;利用正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型和随机森林(RF)模型进行定量源解析,并结合采样企业排污资料和源排放成分谱经验数据识别特征元素,判定排放源类别.结果表明,园区所有采样点位的重金属均未超过建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(GB 36600-2018)中第二类建设用地筛选值;但相比当地土壤背景值,除As和Cr以外的5种元素均有不同程度的富集,整体呈轻微污染和中度生态风险(RI=250.04);其中Cd和Hg是该园区的主要风险元素;源解析结果得到5类主要污染源,分别是化石燃料燃烧与化工生产源(33.73%和9.71%,分别为PMF和RF所得源贡献率,下同),自然来源与废渣堆填(32.40%和40.80%)、交通排放(24.49%和48.08%)、燃煤与有色金属冶炼(5.43%和0.11%)以及电镀与矿石冶炼(3.95%和1.30%).两种模型的总体变量模拟效果R2均达到0.96以上,可以较好地预测重金属含量.但结合园区内企业数量和道路密度的实际情况,园区土壤重金属的主要污染来源应以工业来源为主,PMF模型模拟结果更贴近园区实际. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Based on the concentration data of seven heavy metal elements[As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, and Cr(Ⅵ)] in the surface soil of a typical industrial park in northwest China, the characteristics of heavy metal pollution in the industrial park were analyzed, and the ecological risk and pollution were evaluated using the potential ecological risk index and the index of geo-accumulation. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and random forest (RF) model were used for quantitative source analysis, and the emission data of sampling enterprises and empirical data of the source emission component spectrum were combined to identify the characteristic elements and determine the emission source category. The results showed that the heavy metals at all sampling points in the park did not exceed the second-class screening value of construction land in the soil pollution risk control standard for construction land (GB 36600-2018). However, compared with the local soil background values, five elements, excluding As and Cr, were enriched in different degrees, presenting slight pollution and moderate ecological risk (RI=250.04). Cd and Hg were the main risk elements of the park. The results of source analysis showed that the five main sources of pollution were fossil fuel combustion and chemical production sources (33.73%, 9.71%, total source contribution rate of PMF and RF, respectively; the same below), natural sources and waste residue landfill (32.40%, 40.80%), traffic emissions (24.49%, 48.08%), coal burning and non-ferrous metal smelting (5.43%, 0.11%), and electroplating and ore smelting (3.95%, 1.30%). The simulation R2 of the total variable of the two models were above 0.96, indicating that the models could predict heavy metals well. However, considering the actual situation of the number of enterprises in the park and roading density, the main pollution sources of soil heavy metals in the park should be industrial sources, and the simulation results of the PMF model were closer to the actual situation in the park. |
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